User:MarcellineLaRiccia/sandbox

Inter group Interactions
The female Woolly Monkey are the cause of opposite sex relationships that are built among their communities. They avoid their same sex at all costs whereas male Woolly Monkeys don't tend to have a preference. Female Woolly Monkeys tend to show more protection over the males in the group and in turn harass other female Woolly Monkeys in the group when they try and interact with a male. Although they're dominant within they're group, if there's no offspring producing females, they're accepting to outsiders of both genders.

Seed Dispersal/Locomotion
Woolly Monkeys have been observed to use all four legs when walking/running and climbing. It's also been observed that their use of more intermediate branches when climbing is an effective method of climbing rather than just using terminal branches. Woolly Monkeys are superior to their morphologically similar counter parts, the Spider Monkey, in seed dispersal due to their retention time in the digestive tract as well as the variety of seeds that they eat. It was also mentioned that another factor influencing their seed dispersal rate was the fact that they eat insects.

Outline
7/25/16

Here's my outline for Social Interactions of the Lagothrix Lagotricha

Source #1:

Cant JGH, Youlatos D, Rose MD. 2001. Locomotor Behavior of Lagothrix Lagothricha and

Ateles Belzebuth in Yasuní National Park, Ecuador: General Patterns and Non-		suspensory modes. J Hum Evol 41(2):141-66.

Info:

Lagothrix Lagothricha are more advanced and this is demonstrated by their use of four legged walking/running as well as the fact that they used more intermediate branches when climbing a tree whereas other species used less effective methods of moving and terminal branches for climbing.

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Source #2:

Di Fiore, Anthony and Robert C. Fleischer. "Social Behavior, Reproductive Strategies,and

Population Genetic Structure of Lagothrix Poeppigii." International Journal of

Primatology, vol. 26, no. 5, Oct. 2005, pp. 1137-1173.

Info:

'''Female Lagothrix Lagothricha appear to be the catalyst behind opposite sex relationships being built within the community. It’s been shown that although male Lagothrix Lagothricha tend to avoid their same sex, female Lagothrix Lagothricha almost avoid at all costs. It’s unknown whether this is for protective, fertility or emotional investement reasons. Female Lagothrix Lagothricha also tend to harass other members of the same sex when they’re attempting to mate in order to diminish confidence and provide more opportunity for themselves and their offsprings. In conclusion, male’s are not the driving force behind their species or communities, but instead the female Lagothrix Lagothricha.'''

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Source #3

Nishimura, Akisato. "Reproductive Parameters of Wild Female Lagothrix Lagotricha."

International Journal of Primatology, vol. 24, no. 4, Aug. 2003, p. 707.

Info:

'''Female woolly monkeys leave their natal groups around 6 years of age and begin trying to produce offspring around 9 years of age. They tend to change groups until they find a mate and are able to birth and all births occurred between July and December. It was also found that unlike morphologically similar animals, the woolly monkeys are welcoming to outsiders both female and male.'''

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Source #4

Stevenson, P. Castellanos, M. Pizarro, J. and Garavito, M. 2002. Effect of Seed Dispersal by

Three Ateline Monkey Species on Seed Germination at Tinigua National Park, Colombia.

'''Tinigua International Journal of Primatology. 23(6):1187-1204.'''

Info:

Lagothrix Lagothricha are effective in reducing germination periods and dispersing seeds that they have swallowed due to retention time and variety of seeds ingested.

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Source #5

Stevenson, P. R. 2006. Activity and Ranging Patterns of Columbian Woolly Monkeys in North-

Western Amazonia. Primates, 47(3), 239-47.

Info:

'''Non-dominant individuals such as children and females without offspring tended to move more often than any other member, but they also relied more on arthropods and had low foraging ratings for fruit. It was also found that woolly monkeys as a whole were more cohesive than their morphologically similar counterpart the spider monkey due to the fact that on top of eating fruits, they also eat insects.'''

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Source #6

White, B. C., Dew, S. E., Prather, J. R., Stearns, M., Schneider, E., & Taylor, S. (2000). Chest-

rubbing in Captive Woolly Monkeys (lagothrix lagotricha).Primates, 41(2), 185-188

Info:

'''Chest rubbing was observed in sexually mature males during the time of copulation as well as on objects new to the environment making it seem as though it’s a territorial demonstration, however that thought was discredited. However, the chest rubbing observed on the first male was increased when humans were present which introduced the idea of cehst rubbing as a dominant act.'''