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Draft Copy: Nilgiri Wildlife and Environment Association
The Nilgiri Wildlife and Environmental Association (NMEA) is a Non government organization registered in Tamil Nadu state South India. Their objective is to conserve the wildlife, habitat and natural resources of the Nilgiri Hills.

They conduct programs on environmental education, tree planting, bird watching, animal census and soil conservation. They arrange treking parties to Mukurthi National Park. NWEA has 500 members including students, businessmen, company employees and educators. The District Collector is the ex-officio president of the NWEA, and the Nilgiri North, Nilgiri South and Gudalur (DFOs) and the Field director of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve and Mukurthi National Park are its official members. There are ten elected executive Committee members. The Committee members elects the Honorary Secretary who runs the day to day affairs of the Association. Their office is in Ootacamund, Nilgiri District at the DFO's Office Compound, Mount Stuart Hill, Udhagamandalam, Tamilnadu-643001 at: 11.41194°N, 76.70528°W.

History
The NWEA was founded in 1877 as the Nilgiri Game Association by a group of British planters and big-game hunters concerned with the alarming decline in game for hunting. It was the first wildlife conservation organisation in India. As a direct result of their actions in 1879, the Nilgiris Game and Fish Preservation Act was passed by the Government of Madras.

This act empowered the association to regulate hunting and fishing in the Nilgiris. Thus all game was controlled by the Association, who imposed restrictions on the types of game to be hunted and the opening and closing of seasons for shikar. They issued game licenses to the British elite to serve their recreational needs. Local tribal groups were legally excluded from their traditional use of wild animals as food, however their snaring of small animals like monitor lizard and porcupine, fishing and scavenging the kills of predators continued.

The Rules of the Nilgiri Game and Fish Preservation Association were amended in 1893, including that:
 * 1) The name of the Association shall be The Nilgiri Game and Fish Preservation Association.
 * 2) The objects of the Association are the preservation of the existing indigenous game and the introduction of game birds and animals and fish, either exotic or indigenous to India.

The 1916 edition of the Nilgiri Guide and Directory published the complete details of the Institution, management, Shooting Limits, Residences, shooting Licenses, conditions, notes on rules, fishing rules, licenses, notes on rules, rewards for vermin, Hodgson's Hut, and the Dak Bungalows of the Nilgiri Game Association. The late Major Richard Radcliff, a famous hunter turned conservationist, led the association in creation of Mukurthi National Park. The NWEA has donated many of its former hunting bungalows to the Tamil Nadu Forest Department. NWEA is now helping the Forest Department to annex other Nilgiri Tahr habitats adjoining the park, which were excluded from the park boundaries when it was created.

In 1975, with the adoption of the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 by the Tamil Nadu Government, the organization changed its objective from controlled shooting to total wildlife conservation and environmental preservation.

The Rajiv Gandhi Wildlife Conservation Award for 2003 was given to the Nilgiri Wildlife and Environment Association (NWEA) in recognition of its outstanding efforts at preserving wildlife in its natural habitat and spreading ecological awareness. The award, consisted of Rs. 100,000, a medallion and a citation. It was handed over by J. C. Kala, Director General of Forests, in New Delhi

Activities

 * NWEA is an active participant in the The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve Alliance, a group of conservation and people's organisations that are concerned about the future of the NBR and are working collectively towards protecting it.
 * NWEA conducts the annual Wildlife Census at Mudumalai Tiger Reserve and the adjoining Nilgiri North Forest Division.
 * Mr. A C Soundararajan and other members of the NWEA, put together a report on the effects of the controversial Satyamangalam Railway line on this ecologically sensitive area. The Central Empowered Committee (CEC) of the Supreme Court of India, after enquiry, found that the area is home to both elephants and tigers, and other species listed in Schedule 1 of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. On the basis of this observation the CEC directed the Railways to withdraw the project.
 * C.R. Jayaprakash, Executive Committee Member of AWEA, has facilitated the rehabilitation of ex-poachers by coordinating the Periyar Foundation (an on going eco development project under Project Tiger), the Literate Welfare Association, Kadamalai Gundu, Theni District and the Tamil Nadu Green Movement, Ooty, Nilgiri District. A Sangam (co-operative society) named Vidiyal Vana Padukappu Sangam (Forest conservation Society) was formed in October, 2004, registered and 23 hardcore poachers became members. The poachers from Tamilnadu side initially surrendered to the Kerala Forest Department and all their pending cases were withdrawn. The ex-poachers and their wives have since been assisted in gaining new employment in the eco-tourism business.
 * NWEA publicly recognizes and motivates government officials for significant contributions, dedication, involvement and personal interest in espousing the cause of environmental conservation.
 * On October 24, 2009 NWEA honored it's former secretary and the veteran Wildlife Researcher Dr. E.R.C.Davidar at Ooty. Nilgiris District Collector and NWEA president Anand Rao V. Patil, Mudumalai Tiger Reserve Field Director Dr. Rajiv Srivastava, IUCN Vice President Dr. Ajay Desai, WWF scientists Mohanraj, Dakshinamurthy and V, Pondicherry University Dean of Ecological Sciences, Dr. Priya Davidar and other prominent wildlife conservationists participated in this event.
 * NWEA will soon be establishing their own website, publishing a Directory of NWEA members and a Personalized Desktop Calendar.

Publications

 * Ecology And Population Dynamics Of The Nilgiri Tahr In The Nilgiris. NWEA.  1992-1995.  (Completed with a Rs. 985,820 grant from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service).
 * S Joseph, AP Thomas, R Satheesh, LARGE CARNIVORES IN PARAMBIKULAM WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, SOUTHERN INDIA,  ZOOS' PRINT JOURNAL - zoosprint.org, Final report, Nilgiri Wildlife and Environment Association and Tamil Nadu Forest Department, 84pp. Levins, R. (1968).
 * Davidar, E. R. C. 1990.  The Nilgiri tahr of the Nilgiris.  Tahr (Newsletter of the Nilgiri Wildlife and Environment Association); 1(1): 10-11.
 * Davidar, E.R.C. and H.L. Townsend, eds. 1977.  Nilgiri Wild Life Association Centenary 1877-1977.  Ooty, India: Nilgiri Wild Life Association.  90 pp.
 * Murugan (1997) Habitat analysis of the Nilgiri Tahr in the Mukurti National Park. Unpublished Report, Nilgiri Wildlife and Environment Association.

Contact
S. Jayachandran, Honorable Secretary, Nilgiri Wildlife and Environment Association, C/o District Forest Office, Nilgiris North Division, Mount Stewart Hill, Ootacamund, Nilgiri District - 643 001, Tamil Nadu. India. phone: 0423-2447167 or 91-9443050401 email: nwlea@sanchernet.in or tngm10@rediffmail.com

External sources

 * Trekking Expeditions in the Nilgiris
 * The Indian Forester, Volume 31, July 1905, p. 707, NOTES. THE NILGIRI GAME AND FISH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION. discussion of hunting rules