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= Actelion(Edited) = From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Actelion is a pharmaceuticals and biotechnology company established in December 1997, headquartered in Allschwil near Basel in Switzerland.

Actelion focuses its efforts on manufacturing drugs that treat rare diseases. Some of the drugs it has produced have been proven to treat patients with symptoms that relate to central nervous system disorders, irregular heart conditions, immune system disorders and cancer.

Actelion specializes in orphan diseases. Actelion scientists were among the first to work in the field of endothelian receptor antagonists. The company name might be a reminder for its first product, an endothelian receptor antagonist and the verb "action", "act upon". Actelion was initially financed with venture capital provided through a syndicate including Atlas Venture, Sofinnova and HealthCap.

One of the focuses of Actelion is treating individual with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertention (PAH), which a heart condition that leaves patients with short life expectancy (7-9 years) even after treatment has begun.

Actelion develops and sells drugs in the continents of Asia, Europe and North and South America. Actelion has 29 operative affiliates around the world, including the United States, Canada, Brazil, Australia, Japan, Switzerland and a number of EU countries. The Swiss affiliate is located in Baden, the German affiliate in Freiburg, the Austrian one in Vienna, the French one in Paris and the UK affiliate is located in London

In 2006, the company established the Actelion Endothelin Research Award programme which supports selected clinical research projects.

In January 2017, Johnson & Johnson announced that it would purchase the company for $30 billion. Actelion's research and development unit would also be spun off after the acquisition. The new company Idorsia was created from former Actelion drug discovery operations and early-stage clinical development assets and listed in June 2017 on the SIX Swiss Exchange.

In 2018, Johnson & Johnson announced they would discontinue development of one of the phase III drugs it acquired during its purchase of Actelion.

Revenues(Added)
Actelion, headquartered in Switzerland, managed to earn 18.2% more in the year of 2016 than it did in 2015 while reporting an earning of 2,417.9 million Swiss Francs at the end of 2016. After accounting for all costs of production such as raw materials and wages, the company calculated its operating margin( operating profit to net sales ratio) to be 0.5% more in 2016 than it was in 2015. While comparing its net margin to the previous year, Actelion noticed a 1.8% increase in the fiscal year of 2016. However, Actelion calculated a decrease of over 45% with revenues of only 646.3 million Swiss Francs in the first quarter of 2017.

Kickbacks Scandal (Added)
Tracleer is one of the main drugs manufactured and sold by Actelion. It has been used to treat excessively high blood pressure that affect arteries in the lungs and heart In the years of 2014 and 2015, before Johnson and Johnson acquired the pharmaceutical company, Actelion was accused of shooting up the prices Tracleer. According to a website known as Goodrx, sixty tablets (one months supply) of this drug are sold for an average of $14,500.

Actelion was able to do this by illegally providing money to medicare patients in order for them to be able to fulfill their co payments for the drug Tracleer. Medicare is a healthcare program for adults who are 65 years and older. Most patients have their prescriptions covered by medicare but they must still pay a portion of the amount of the prescription, known as a co payment. By making sure medicare patients are still paying a certain amount, drug companies are unable to raise their prices to inordinately large amounts.

However recently many large drug companies, such as Pfizer, Lundbeck, United Therapeutics and now Actelion have been found to be illegally providing cash assistance to charities that help patients with their co payments in order to increase the demand for their products. Actelion was able to use the charity organization by the name of Caring Voice Coalition to send money only to those people who were receiving prescriptions of Tracleer. When law enforcement was able to catch onto the illegal activities occurring with this organization with relation to two pharmaceutical companies(Actelion and United Therapeutics), it was banned from partaking in any further Medicare related matters.

By ignoring the laws and regulations set by Congress, to prevent pharmaceutical companies from increasing the demand and prices of their drugs, and using information obtained from Caring Voice Coalition to financially support patients who were buying only its own drugs, Actelion was able to increase it drug prices to extraordinarily high amounts (nearly 30% of the inflation rate).

Actelion was also complicit in referring patients to Caring Voice Coalition. Many unknowing patients who were gathering information about organizations that might cover their medical needs were being sent to CVC. Illegally, furthering the high demand for their drug.

While investigations were taking place, Actelion refused to accept that any criminal activity or misconduct had occurred. It has been forced to pay a $360 million as a settlement to the United States government for the malpractice relating to kickbacks to medicare patients.

Other Lawsuits
As of October, 2018, it was also caught in two lawsuit buy drug buyers who claimed that Actelion was preventing a generic version of Tracleer to be manufactured so that it could stay in charge of the market as the sole supplier of the drug.

Collaborating with Analytics 4 Life (Added)
Analytics 4 Life is a company that uses artificial intelligence to develop solutions for medical illnesses while focusing its efforts on coronary artery disease. Actelion has been reported to start working with Analytics 4 Life to use imaging technology with regards to pulmonary hypertension. A study, involving 500 individuals is being conducted to solve this widespread illness. These companies are hoping to be able to accurately assess an individuals cardiac health using imaging technology and thus avoiding the need for an invasive test. Actelion hopes that using this technology will help detect pulmonary hypertension in more people at an earlier age and thus leading to higher chances of success in the treatment.

Contents (Unedited)

 * 1Medicines
 * 1.1Pipeline
 * 2Key figures
 * 3Awards
 * 4Notes and references
 * 5See also
 * 6External links

Medicines[Edited]
Actelion currently has 10 compounds in its pipeline – including 3 in late-stage development – and 4 medicines on the market for orphan diseases:


 * Tracleer (bosentan): Tracleer is one of Actelions best sellers and provides the most income to the company. It was the first oral treatment approved for pulmonary arterial hypertension, a rare, chronic, life-threatening disorder that severely compromises the functions of the lungs and heart. It is a dual endothelin receptor antagonist, see also: Endothelin receptor antagonist.
 * Zavesca (miglustat): is currently the only approved oral treatment for patients with mild to moderate type 1 Gaucher disease for whom enzyme replacement therapy is unsuitable. Type 1 Gaucher disease is a rare and debilitating metabolic disorder.
 * Ventavis (iloprost): Ventavis is indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (WHO Group 1) in patients with NYHA Class III or IV symptoms.
 * Veletri (epoprostenol for injection): is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the long-term intravenous treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary hypertension associated with the scleroderma spectrum of disease in NYHA Class III and Class IV patients who do not respond adequately to conventional therapy.

Some other drugs that have been produced by Actelion's to provide for the PAH (Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension) market include:


 * Opsumit (Macitentan): Actelion received approval from the FDA for the manufacture of this drug on January 16, 2019. Opsumit has been manufactured to treat patients with CTEPH (Inoperable Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension) in order to enhance their ability to exercise and boost their PVR (Pulmonary Vascular Resistance). It is an oral medication for ERA (Endothelin Receptor Antagonist) that has been used to slow down the prohibit the advancement of diseases and PAH. Actelion received approval for the manufacture of this drug by the FDA. Opsumit provides Actelion with its second largest source of sales. This product is available in Germany, Switzerland, Canada and Australia and the U.S. On March 15, 2019, Actelion reported that while evaluating the effects of this drug on patient with PAH, it found a remarkable improvement in the right ventricle and reduced PVR (Pulmonary Vascular Resistance).
 * Uptravi (Selexipag): Uptravi was originally it was developed by Nippon Shinyaku to treat people suffering from Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. It is used to treat people suffering from PAH along with an advanced form of functional limitation. Uptravi is an oral medication that should be used along with a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibotor, an ERA(endothelin receptor antagonist) or with both for maximum effectiveness. Uptravi's popularity in the PAH market has made it the third most sold drug among all of Actelion's total sales. Actelion received approval from the Swiss medic for the manufacture and sale of this drug on August 16, 2016.
 * Valchlor (mechlorethamine): In 2013, Actelion announced that Valchlor could be purchased in the United States. Valchlor is an FDA approved formula drug that can be applied topically every day. It is a gel that can be used to treat IA and IB mycosis fungoides-type cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (rate type of non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma). It has afflicted around 20,000 U.S citizens and therefore classifies as an orphan disease.

Pipeline[edit]
Late-stage drugs in development by Actelion include:


 * Cadazolid for c. diff-associated diarrhea
 * Macitentan for pediatric PAH and portopulmonary hypertension
 * Ponesimod for multiple sclerosis

Key figures[unedited]
By January 2011, Actelion had a total of 2,467 employees, 392 in research, 640 in development and 1017 in sales and marketing. In 2010, Actelion's sales amounted to 1,929 million CHF.

Actelion's shares have been listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange (ticker symbol ATLN) since 2000 SWX Swiss Exchange Swiss Leader Index. In September 2008, Actelion shares began trading as part of the Swiss Market Index.

Awards[unedited]
Actelion received the "Prix Hermès de l'innovation" (Hermès Award for Innovation) in April 2011: The "European Institute for Creative Strategy and Innovation", the creator of the Prix Hermès, was founded in 2003 in France.

The "performance report for Swiss pharma websites" awarded Actelion the first Prize in the second consecutive year:

References(Added)
1.     ''"Actelion announces Full Year 2010 financial results". Archived from the original on 3 March 2011.''

2.    ^ Jump up to:a b ''Taylor, Nick Paul (17 April 2018). "Johnson & Johnson scraps phase 3 antibiotic program acquired in $30B Actelion takeover". Fierce Biotech. Retrieved 5 July2018.''

3.    ^ "Medicine".

4.    ^ "Businessweek".

5.    ^ "Actelion affiliates".

6.    ^ Roland, Denise; D. Rockoff, Jonathan (January 26, 2017), Johnson & Johnson to Acquire Actelion in $30 Billion Deal, Wall Street Journal, retrieved January 27,2017

7.    ^ ''"Johnson & Johnson to buy Actelion for $30 billion, spin off R&D unit". Reuters. 26 January 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2017.''

8.    ^ ''Clozel, Jean-Paul. "About Idorsia history". www.idorsia.com. Retrieved 19 August 2018.''

9.    ^ "European Medicines Agency".

10. ^ "European Medicines Agency".

11. ^ "European Medicines Agency".

12. ^ "News Medical".

13. ^ https://www1.actelion.com/en/scientists/development-pipeline/index.pageArchived 30 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine?

14. ^ ''"Actelion company homepage". Archived from the original on 22 February 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2011.''

15. ^ "Swiss Market Index".

16. ^ "UBS".

17. ^ "The Pharmaletter".

18. ^ ''"Prix Hermès". Archived from the original on 2010-12-21.''

19. ^ ''"Prize for Website" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 March 2012.''

20. DYER, O. Actelion Pharmaceuticals pays $360m to settle US government claims of kickbacks to patients. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), [s. l.], v. 363, p. k5231, 2018. Disponível em: < http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.fiu.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=30530812&site=eds-live >. Acesso em: 18 abr. 2019.

21.Actelion Ltd SWOT Analysis. Actelion Ltd SWOT Analysis. May 2017:1-8. http://http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=124300691&site=eds-live. Accessed April 1, 2019.

22. "Actelion receives Swissmedic approval for Uptravi (selexipag) for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension." Thomson Reuters ONE, 16 Aug. 2016. General OneFile, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A460823833/ITOF?u=miam11506&sid=ITOF&xid=a66e0d49. Accessed 9 Apr. 2019.

23. "US FDA seeks additional data from Actelion's sNDA for Opsumit to treat CTEPH." PharmaBiz, 18 Jan. 2019. General OneFile, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A570063558/ITOF?u=miam11506&sid=ITOF&xid=f4ccbf85. Accessed 9 Apr. 2019

24."Analytics 4 Life and Actelion Join Forces." Health & Beauty Close-Up, 14 Dec. 2018. Health & Wellness Resource Center, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A565599415/HWRC?u=miam11506&sid=HWRC&xid=18149773. Accessed 16 Apr. 2019.

24."Actelion receives CRL in USA for CTEPH." R & D Focus Drug News, 18 Jan. 2019. Health & Wellness Resource Center, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A570950574/HWRC?u=miam11506&sid=HWRC&xid=83eff246. Accessed 16 Apr. 2019.

26. "Actelion reports data from Phase IV trial for PAH." R & D Focus Drug News, 18 Mar. 2019. Health & Wellness Resource Center, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A579691265/HWRC?u=miam11506&sid=HWRC&xid=8c384c2b. Accessed 16 Apr. 2019.

See also[unedited]

 * List of pharmaceutical companies
 * Pharmaceutical industry in Switzerland