User:Mariamismail34/Adipose triglyceride lipase

Regulation Pathways of Adipose Triglyceride Lipase
There must be mechanisms set to maintain the balance between energy storage, and energy release; a dysregulation in the equilibrium result in metabolic disorder, a prime one being diabetes. Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (ATGL) can undergo activation through two different pathways: transcriptionally and through post-translational modification. Through the transcriptional pathway, Beta-adrenergic, a receptor that can form a complex with agonist such as epinephrine, results in the signal transduction pathway activation of Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (ATGL). The alternative pathway is through a post-translational modification specifically phosphorylation of a serine 406 residue located on the enzyme by a kinase known as AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK). Both pathways facilitate the activation of the enzyme, resulting in the breakdown of triglyceride.

Insulin is a hormone that regulate the enzyme ATGL, it inhibits the enzyme by favoring lipid storage over lipolysis. One pathway of inhibition of ATGL when insulin is present is the activation of SIRT1, which inhibits FoxO1. Specifically, FoxO1 is repressed from localizing in the nucleus by deacetylation in adipocytes.