User:Marian dante

And no word for “law” as an abstract concept yet ancient Greek law contained major constitutional innovations in the development of democracy. Roman law was heavily, influenced by Greek philosophy, but its detailed rules were developed by professional jurists, and were highly sophisticated. Over the centuries between the rise and decline of the Roman Empire, law was adapted to cope with the changing social situation, and underwent major codification during Justinian I. Although it declined in significance during the Dark Ages, Roman law was rediscovered around the 11th century when medieval legal scholars began to research Roman Code and adapt their concepts. In medieval England, the King’s judge developed a body of precedent, which later became the common law. A Europe- wide Lex Mercatoria was formed so that merchant could trade with common standards of local laws. The Mercatoria, a precursor to modern commercial law, emphasized the freedom of contract and alienability of property. As nationalism grew in the 18th and 19th centuries, Lex Mercatoria was incorporated into countries local law under civil code. The French Napoleonic Code and the German became the most influential. In contrast to English common law, which consists of enormous times of case law code in small books are easy to export and easy for judge to apply. However, today there are sign that civil and common law are converging. Law is codified in treaties, but develops through the precedent laid down by the European Court of Justice. The Constitution of India is the longest writer constitution for a country, containing 444 articles, 12 schedules, numerous amendments and 117,369 world Islamic Law and jurisprudence developed during the middle ages. The methodology of legal precedent and reasoning by analogy [Qiyas], used in early Islamic law was similar to that of the later English common law system. This was particularly the case for the Maliki School of Islamic law active in North Africa, Islamic Spain and the Emirate of Sicily. Between the 8th  and 11th centuries, Maliki law developed several legal institutions that were parallel with later common law institutions.

IV-TITLE: Findings [relationship of law to morality].

(1) The existence of unjust laws (such as those enforcing slavery) proves that morality and law are not identical and do not coincide. (2) The existence of laws that serve to defend basic values--such as laws against murder, rape, malicious defamation of character, fraud, bribery, etc. --prove that the two can work together. (3) Laws can state what overt offenses count as wrong and therefore punishable. Although law courts do not always ignore a person's intention or state of mind, the law cannot normally govern, at least not in a direct way, what is in your heart (your desires). Because often morality passes judgment on a person's intentions and character, it has a different scope than the law. (4) Laws govern conduct at least partly through fear of punishment. Morality, when it is internalized, when it has become habit-like or second nature, governs conduct without compulsion. The virtuous person does the appropriate thing because it is the fine or noble thing to do. (5) Morality can influence the law in the sense that it can provide the reason for making whole groups of immoral actions illegal. (6) Law can be a public expression of morality which codifies in a public way the basic principles of conduct which a society accepts. In that way it can guide the educators of the next generation by giving them a clear outline of the values society wants taught to its children. III-DEFINITION OF TERMS Morality- (from the Latin moralitas "manner, character, proper behavior") is a system of conduct and ethics that is virtuous. It can also be used in regard to sexual matters and chastity. Law- [4] is a system of rules, usually enforced through a set of institutions.[5] It shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a primary social mediator of relations between people. Contract law-regulates everything from buying a bus ticket to trading on derivatives markets. Property law- defines rights and obligations related to the transfer and title of personal (often referred to as chattel) and real property. Trust law- applies to assets held for investment and financial security, Tort law- allows claims for compensation if a person's rights or property are harmed. ,                        Criminal law- offers means by which the state can prosecute the perpetrator. Constitutional law -provides a framework for the creation of law, the protection of human rights and the election of political representatives. Administrative law- is the body of law that governs the activities of administrative agencies of government. International law- governs affairs between sovereign nation states in activities ranging from trade to environmental regulation or military action. Criminal law- also known as penal law, pertains to crimes and punishment.[21]It thus regulates the definition of and penalties for offences found to have a sufficiently deleterious social impact but, in itself, makes no moral judgement on an offender nor imposes restrictions on society that physically prevents people from commiting a crime in the first place.[22]Investigating, apprehending, charging, and trying suspected offenders is regulated by the law of criminal procedure.[23]. Judiciary- (also known judicial system or judicature) is the system of courts which interprets and applies the law in the name of the sovereign or state. Justice- is the concept of moral rightness based on ethics, rationality, law, natural law, religion, fairness, or equity.[2]

Government- is the organization, machinery, or agency through which a political unit exercises its authority, controls and administers public policy, and directs and controls the actions of its members or subjects.[1] Legislature- is a type of deliberative assembly with the power to pass, amend and repeal laws.[