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Epidemiology
An academic study found that the most common and prevalent muscluoskeletal injury in the world, is a hamstring strain. The study further explains that hamstring strains represented 15% of all injuries per club per season also had a 34% chance of recurrence. Another study showed that a previous hamstring injury is one of the most cited risks for future injury, with as many as one-third of active individuals experiencing a re-injury within 2 weeks of returning to activity. A meta-analysis article showed evidence that a history of hamstring injury and being of older age were associated with increased risk of hamstring strains. One study found that men and master athletes (athletes older than forty) were at an increased risk of hamstring strains compared with women and younger athletes. Women were approximately 3 times more likely to suffer hamstring strain than males with the majority of these being non-sporting scenarios. Similarly the average age of non-sporting hamstring strains are from the ages of 40-60. Many of these non-sporting injuries are sustained during road traffic accidents, slipping, and falling. These results also show that hamstring strains account for 50% of muscle injuries received by sprinters and are the most common injury in hurdling. One explanation is that older active individuals may be at greater risk due to lower levels of eccentric knee flexor strength compared with their younger counterparts. However, it is unclear whether flexibility serves as a risk factor; this topic should be researched in the future to further understand the relationship between flexibility and risk of injury. Muscle weakness has also been an implication as a predisposing factor for both primary and recurring hamstring strain injuries. Over a 10-year study more than 51.3% of hamstring strains occurred during the preseason of athletics. In another study, that analyzed 25 NCAA sports over four years, it was clearly shown that hamstring strain rates are higher in the preseason. The factors that are being implicated in this trend are the relative deterioration and muscle weakness that occur during the off-season.