User:Markhampton8/sandbox

these words are bolded bold shift backslash for straight line

SpaceX is pretty neat

Markhampton8 (talk) 17:44, 9 February 2018 (UTC)

Week 5: Article Evaluation
Article Evaluated: Atomism
 * Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you?
 * Despite the article being a start-class, the topics are very relevant as they delve into specific instances of atomism or relate to the theories of Aristotle, Descartes, etc.
 * Is the article neutral? Are there any claims, or frames, that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?
 * The article appears mostly neutral, but in the Geometry and Atoms section I noticed that the writer seemed to inject what he thought Plato would think of atomism.
 * Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?
 * The section Scholastic Minima Naturalia seems highly overrepresented in my opinion. This section spends most of its length explaining what Minima Naturalia is rather than comparing it to Atomism theory.  It feels like this summary could be left to the Minima Naturalia Wikipedia page.
 * Check a few citations. Do the links work? Does the source support the claims in the article?
 * Most of the links work and redirect to google books or to fairly reliable sources. The sources support claims made by the article.  My concern is that there are only 39 sources so this Wikipedia page likely lacks a large amount of research.
 * Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted?
 * Not all the facts are noted with a reliable reference. There is usually one source per paragraph which feels highly under sourced in my opinion.  My concern is that the main sources used by this page are other wikipedia pages and lacks some real substantial scholarly information.  Bias can be introduced through these other wikipedia pages if they are under edited
 * Check out the Talk page of the article. What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?
 * Much of the conversation about this article involves questions about the relevance of topics and about the amount of coverage they receive.
 * How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?
 * The article is a start-class article and is rated mid to high importance for three sections.
 * How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class?
 * This article connects much more to modern chemistry and physical atoms which is not something we took into interest in class. It also focuses a lot on the individual schools of atomism and the multi-cultural developments of its ideas.

Week 6: Copy Edit an Article
Beeckman and the mechanical philosophy

Beeckman's theory of mechanical philosophy described in his books Centuria and Journal is grounded in two components: matter and motion. To explain matter Beeckman relied on atomism philosophy which explains that matter is composed of tiny inseparable particles that interact to create the objects seen in life. To explain motion, he supported the idea of inertia, a theory generated by Isaac Newton.

Week 7: Plan to Contribute
We chose this article because of the large lack of information available on the page itself. The page has more information about the history of the word, geophysics, than it does the actual processes and contributors of this field. We want to look at the people who influeced this field and their impact as well as their ideas and how they helped this science in the scientific community. Nooneisnotthere (talk) 16:21, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

Sources:
Global Tectonics by Philip Kearey, Keith A. Klepis, Federick Vine. (I have a electronic copy of this and this is a great resource. It is a textbook.)~
 * We can use this source for anything revolving around geophysics as an outline. This would be a good source for formulas or anything of that sort. We can use this as a nice template of where to go and find more books. Nooneisnotthere (talk) 01:28, 9 March 2018 (UTC)

Geophysical Field Theory and Methods by Alexander A. Kaufman, 1992-1994

History and Challenges in Geophysics

http://laurel.lso.missouri.edu/record=b10579600&searchscope=5

Expanding Earth and declining gravity: a chapter in the recent history of geophysics

https://doaj.org/article/9e431ed8b1fc4c1491ad9938842d7c78

Climate in Earth History

http://laurel.lso.missouri.edu/record=b10519052&searchscope=5

Reconstructing Earth History in Three Dimensions

http://science.sciencemag.org.libproxy.mst.edu/content/322/5903/866

Markhampton8 (talk) 17:51, 2 March 2018 (UTC)

Lithosphere:Earth’s crust and upper mantle
Doesn’t discuss the methods by which resources are found in the Earth’s crust

Propagation of seismic waves is not covered very deeply

Theory of the Expanding Earth and how it relates to the debate about plate motion

Explanation of Deep Earth phenomena and how the theories about what is in the middle of the Earth came to be

Geomagnetism (volume 5)

Hydrosphere: water on the Earth’s surface and clouds
Rivers

Ocean Circulation relevant here too

Tsunami’s

Water Cycle

Atmosphere
Climate

Ocean Circulation

Carbon Cycle

Solar Intensity Leading to hotter or colder Earth

Ozone depletion due to gamma radiation from space (Sections 4,5,7) Understanding climate of Earth’s past (full pdf to the left)

Layers of the atmosphere

Ozone and UV Radiation

Markhampton8 (talk) 16:30, 9 March 2018 (UTC)

20th Century
''The 20th century was a revolutionary age for geophysics. As an international scientific effort between 1957 and 1958, the International Geophysical Year or IGY was one of the most important for scientific activity of all disciplines of geophysics: aurora and airglow, cosmic rays, geomagnetism, gravity, ionospheric physics, longitude and latitude determinations (precision mapping), meteorology, oceanography, seismology and solar activity.''

Earth's Interior and Seismology
Physics of Earth’s interior was enabled by the development of the first seismographs in the 1880's. Based on the behavior of the waves reflected off the internal layers of the Earth several theories developed as to what would cause variances in wave speed or loss of certain frequencies. This lead to scientists like Inge Lehmann discovering the presence of the Earth's core in 1936. Beno Gutenberg and Harold Jeffreys worked at explaining the difference in Earth density due to the compression and the shear velocity of waves. Since seismology is based on elastic waves the speed of waves could help determine the density and therefore the behavior of the layers within the Earth.

Nomenclature for the behavior of seismic waves was produced based on these findings. P-wave s and S-wave s were used to describe two types of elastic body waves possible. The mediums of the Earth they propagated through were named K and I for the outer and inner core respectively. Love wave and Rayleigh wave s were used to describe two types of surface waves possible.

A number of scientists contributed to advances in knowledge about the Earth's interior and seismology including: Emil Wiechert, Beno Gutenberg, Andrija Mohorovičić, Harold Jeffreys, Inge Lehmann, Edward Bullard, Charles Francis Richter, Francis Birch, Frank Press, Hiroo Kanamori and Walter Elsasser.

Markhampton8 (talk) 17:52, 9 March 2018 (UTC)

One highly debated topic about Earths interior is Mantle Plumes. Mantle plumes are theorized to be rising magma, which is responsible for the hotspots in the world, like Hawaii. Originally the idea theorized was that mantle plumes rose up in a direct path, however now there is evidence that the rising plumes may deflect small degrees as they rise. It was also found that the proposed hotspot underneath Yellowstone may not be related to a rising mantle plume. This theory has not been fully researched yet but there has been stepping stones for this to be researched laid down. Nooneisnotthere (talk) 16:02, 26 April 2018 (UTC)

Plate Tectonics
In the second half of the 20th century, plate tectonics theory was developed by several contributors including Alfred Wegener, Maurice Ewing, Robert S. Dietz, Harry Hammond Hess, Hugo Benioff, Walter C. Pitman, III, Frederick Vine, Drummond Matthews, Keith Runcorn, Bryan L. Isacks, Edward Bullard, Xavier Le Pichon, Dan McKenzie, W. Jason Morgan and John Tuzo Wilson. Prior to this time people had ideas of continental drift yet no real evidence of this came until the late 20th century. Alexander von Humbolt made observation, in the early 19th century that the geometry and geology of the shores of continents of the Atlantic Ocean. James Hutton and Charles Lyell brought about the idea of gradual change, uniformitarianism, which helped people cope with the slow drift of the continents. Alfred Wegener, the spearheaded the original theory of continental drift and spent much of his life devoted to this theory. Wegener proposed "Pangea" a land that was once all Earth in one section area.

During the development of continental drift theory, there was not much exploration that went on in the oceanic part of the world, only continental. Once people began to pay attention to the ocean, geologist found that the floor was spreading and in different spots at different rates. There are 3 different main ways in which plates can move: Transform, Divergent, and Convergent. As well, there can be Rift s, areas where the land is beginning to spread apart. Nooneisnotthere (talk) 17:56, 5 April 2018 (UTC)

Oceanography
''Advances in physical oceanography occurred in the 20th century. Sea depth by acoustic measurements of was first made in 1914. The German "Meteor" expedition gathered 70,000 ocean depth measurements using an echo sounder, surveying the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between 1925 and 1927. The Great Global Rift was discovered by Maurice Ewing and Bruce Heezen in 1953 while the mountain range under the Arctic was found in 1954 by the Arctic Institute of the USSR. The theory of seafloor spreading was developed in 1960 by Harry Hammond Hess. The Ocean Drilling Program started in 1966. There has been much emphasis on the application of large scale computers to oceanography to allow numerical predictions of ocean conditions and as a part of overall environmental change prediction.''

Geomagnetism
The motion of the conductive molten metal beneath the Earth's crust or the Earth's dynamo is responsible for the existence of the magnetic field. The interaction of the magnetic field and solar radiation has an impact on how much radiation reaches the surface of Earth and the integrity of the atmosphere.Markhampton8 (talk) 13:32, 6 April 2018 (UTC) It has been found that the magnetic poles of the Earth have reversed several times allowing researchers to get an idea of the surface conditions of the planet at that time. The cause of the magnetic poles being reversed is unknown, and the intervals of change vary and do not show a consistent interval. It is believed that the reversal of magnetic poles is correlated to the Earths Mantle, exactly how is still debated. Nooneisnotthere (talk) 17:55, 5 April 2018 (UTC)

Distortions to the Earth's magnetic field cause the phenomenon Aurora Borealis, commonly called the Northern Lights. The magnetic field stores energy given by cosmic particles known as solar wind which causes the magnetic field lines to expand. When the lines contract, they release this energy which can be seen as the Northern Lights. Markhampton8 (talk) 20:43, 20 April 2018 (UTC)

Atmospheric Influences
The Earth's climate is known to change over time based on the planet's atmospheric composition, the sun's luminosity, and the occurrence of catastrophic events.

Atmospheric composition affects and is affected by the biological mechanisms active on the Earth's surface. Organisms effect the amount of oxygen vs. carbon dioxide through respiration and photosynthesis. They also effect the levels of nitrogen through fixation, nitrification, and denitrification. The ocean is capable of absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, but varies based on the levels of nitrogen and phosphorus present in the water. Humans have also played a role in changing the atmospheric composition of the Earth through industrial bi-products, deforestation, and motor vehicles.

The luminosity of the sun increases as it progresses through its life cycle and are visible over the course of millions of years. Sunspots can form on the sun's surface which can cause greater variability in the emissions that Earth receives. Markhampton8 (talk) 13:32, 6 April 2018 (UTC)

Volcanoes form from when two plates meet and one subducts underneath the other. Volcanoes thus form along most plate boundaries the Ring of Fire is a good example of this. The study of Volcanoes along plate boundaries has shown a correlation between eruptions and climate. Alan Robock theorizes that volcanic activity can influence the climate and can lead to global cooling for years. The leading idea, based on volcanic eruptions, is that Sulfur dioxide released from volcanoes play a prominent effect on the cooling of the atmosphere following the eruption. Nooneisnotthere (talk) 17:53, 5 April 2018 (UTC)

Impacts from large celestial bodies, commonly meteors, create shock waves that push air and distribute dust into the atmosphere blocking sunlight. This causes global cooling which can lead to the death and possible extinction of many species. Markhampton8 (talk) 20:43, 20 April 2018 (UTC)

Industrial Application
''Industrial applications of geophysics were developed by demand of petroleum exploration and recovery in the 1920s. Later, petroleum, mining and groundwater geophysics were improved. Earthquake hazard minimization, soil/site investigations for earthquake prone areas were a new application of geophysical engineering in the 1990s.''

Seismology is used in the mining industry to read and build models of events that may have been caused or contributed to by the process of mining. This allows scientists to predict the hazards associated with continued mining in the area.

Much like mining, seismic waves are used to create models of the Earth's subsurface. Geological features, called traps, that commonly indicate the presence of oil can be identified from the model and used to determine suitable sites to drill.

Groundwater is highly vulnerable to the pollution produced from industry and waste disposal. In order to preserve the quality of fresh water sources, maps of groundwater depth are created and compared to the locations of pollutant sources.

Markhampton8 (talk) 13:32, 6 April 2018 (UTC)

Week 9: Peer Review
Place your reviews of our article edits here please.

Editor 1: Overall well written. Citations are needed in almost every section. Would like to see more details on the last couple of sections. PersonM1 (talk) 18:46, 18 March 2018 (UTC)PersonM1

Editor 2: I think it's interesting to have a history of all the sub-disciplines of geophysics. It's interesting because the original article has the sections broken into rough "time periods". This layout suggests to me that the sub-disciplines should be laid out within those time periods. It would be like "20th century" as a heading, and then the smaller subjects as subheadings. And then repeat the same subheadings for the other time periods. Rhjohn0909 (talk) 21:54, 18 March 2018 (UTC)

Editor 3: It isn't clear to me what you've added in the edited section. It doesn't seem to match what you said you wanted to add. But, all in all, your article looks very good so far. In terms of citations, you're well on your way. Watch your organization and make sure you keep the voice neutral. K8shep (talk) 01:57, 22 March 2018 (UTC)

Week 10: Response to Peer Review
To Editor 1: I believe the citations needed are from some of the sections that I copied from the original article. I intend on going through and finding where the original author used his/her sources because there is a distinct lack of citations. Most of their information is a general summary so the information needs to be elaborated on. I intend on flushing out the last few sections as the edits are not finished. Markhampton8 (talk) 16:28, 23 March 2018 (UTC) I've realized since I wrote this that most of the sources the original author used are not accessible through the internet. Instead I am expanding on the subjects and/or adding subjects I believe the original author did not include. Most of what the original author wrote is a quick summary of the information which is hard to cite.

We are working on getting more and more sources. Many of the sentences in the wiki page itself did not have many, if any, sources so we are working hard on finding more papers and texts to fill our section. We will continue over break to read papers and learn more for this.Nooneisnotthere (talk) 16:27, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

To Editor 2: We would like to have the other timelines broken into the sections we have listed for the 20th century, but we will not be doing so because nearly all of the advancements in the history of geophysics occur during the 19th and 20th centuries and there will not be sufficient information to make sections like seismology, plate tectonics, etc.  Markhampton8 (talk) 16:28, 23 March 2018 (UTC)

To Editor 3: I went into the "topics to add" section and bolded and italicized the sections that we actually intend to cover or have covered already. We realized that we don't want to change the structure of the article itself, but instead elaborate on the ideas already listed in the article and who contributed to their advancement. To clarify what we've added vs. what has been copied over I italicized everything that is cut and paste from the original article. Markhampton8 (talk) 16:28, 23 March 2018 (UTC) To clarify what Markhampton8 has done vs. Nooneisnotthere we signed beneath each uninterrupted section we worked on.

We want to fix the focus of the article for what we want to focus on. Originally we said we wanted to focus on the processes of what (man made) ways we can propagate seismic data. After tackling the article we have shifted the focused to more of the people that were influential and their ideas/impacts. I have gone through and changed our scope of the article to those ideas and topics. Nooneisnotthere (talk) 16:15, 23 March 2018 (UTC)