User:Marley C T/sandbox

Primary and secondary education
Special education in general was first implemented in South Korea in 1894 by Rosetta Sherwood Hall, an American missionary. This was followed by her founding of a school for the deaf in 1909. For decades following its inception, special education in South Korea was mostly taught in private residential schools which were affiliated with Christian missionaries. in 1948, a law was enacted guaranteeing the right to equal education for citizens and establishing that education through elementary school was mandatory and free. The Korean Education Bill was proposed in 1949 and gave schools the right to create separate classrooms for students with various disabilities, including deaf and hard of hearing students. A later amendment to this act allowed special schools to provide high school courses for their graduates. The Special Education Promotion Act (SEPA) was enacted in 1978, based on American special education laws. SEPA was revised multiple times and ultimately was renamed the Special Education Law for Children with Special Needs in 2007. This revision made special education free and mandatory from kindergarten to high school.

In 2017, 3,358 deaf and hard-of-hearing students qualified for special education, 3.78% of all students qualifying for special education that year. There are three types of school which a student may attend in South Korea: mainstream for the general population, integrated where disabled students join mainstream classes, and special schools specifically for disabled students which include schools for the deaf and general special education schools. In 2014, most “hearing impaired” students attended mainstream schools, then special, then integrated. In 2012, only 5% of special education teachers in Seoul knew sign language and schooling for DHH students focused on oralism.

Higher education
Universities in South Korea are required to have a "support center for disabled students" except in cases where the number of disabled students attending the university is few enough as determined by Presidential Decree. Disabled students have the right to request support from a university and in the case that their request is denied, they may appeal to the "special support committee." The Special College Admission System for Persons with disabilities was implemented in 1995 with the effect of raising the number of disable college entrants from 113 in 1995 to 656 in 2010.

In 2014, the percentage of students with cochlear implants who attended tertiary education was higher than that of the general population. In 2017, 70.2% (1,018/1,449) deaf and hard of hearing students in South Korea were enrolled in post-secondary education.

Employment
The Korean government does not allow employment discrimination on the basis of disability as forbidden by multiple statues. Specifically discrimination with regards to "recruitment, hiring, wages, and employee benefits, as well as training, placement, promotion, transfer, retirement, resignation, and dismissal" is not allowed. The ARPDA also requires employers to provide reasonable accommodations to employees with disabilities. The Employment Promotion and Vocational Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons Act (EVDPA) requires public agencies with at least 50 employees to have at least 3% of their workforce be made up of disabled employees. For private sector businesses, this number is 2.3%. If an employer has at least 100 employees and does not meet this quota, they must pay a "disability employment levy." Employers who employ more than 2.7% disabled workers receive the "disability employment subsidy." Additionally, employers receive another subsidy when they have newly hired disabled workers.

Vocational training
The Act on the Development of Workplace Skills of Workers requires that employers do not discriminate based on disability with regards to workplace training and that persons with disabilities are to be prioritized in instances where vocational training is provided. To promote this, the government provides the "Employment Insurance Fund." The government also separately manages the "Fund for Promoting Employment and Vocational Rehabilitation of Persons with Disabilities" to provide vocational training for people with disabilities at five branches of the Vocational Competency Development Center. The Act on Special Education for Persons with Disabilities (ASEPD) requires schools above middle school level to provide vocational training.

In 2017, the employment rate for deaf and hard of hearing people was 33.4%.

Healthcare
As of 2011, the South Korean government subsidized projects for expansion/renovation of medical rehabilitation facilities, medical cost financial support and tax deduction, financial support for cochlear implant surgeries, and "medical cost support for premature babies and congenital abnormalities." The government also implemented the National Rehabilitation Center for medical care, counseling, and rehabilitation alongside Community-based Rehabilitation which offers early detection of disabilities, rehabilitative treatment, and support for family members.

In 2017, the Act on Guarantee of Right to Health and Access to Medical Services for Persons with Disabilities was enacted to give the right to provide state and local governments with the ability to provide disabled persons in a healthcare facility with "convenience" as they see fit.