User:MarthaSquared/sandbox

Alert: https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/pelvic-floor-and-bladder-problems-can-make-people-feel-embarrassed-and-have-an-impact-on-everyday-life/

Pelvic floor dysfunction

Research carried out in the UK has shown that symptoms can restrict everyday life for women. However, many people found it difficult to talk about it and to seek care,as they experienced embarassment and stigma.

Alert: https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/weight-regain-does-not-eliminate-the-long-term-benefits-of-weight-management-programmes/

Management of obesity > weight loss programmes

Research in the UK found that risk factors for cardiovascular disease and for diabetes were reduced for several years after taking part in a weight management programme, even if people regained weight.

Alert: https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/one-session-cbt-treatment-effective-for-young-people-with-phobias/

Childhood phobia > treatment

Cognitive behavioural therapy is routinely used to treat phobias in the UK over several sessions. Research has shown that a single session of cognitive behavioural therapy is as effective as multiple sessions, and is cheaper.

Phobia > treatment > Therapy

Research in the UK has suggested that for childhood phobias a single session of CBT can be effective.

Alert: https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/e-cigarettes-better-than-nicotine-patches-helping-pregnant-women-stop-smoking/

Smoking and pregnancy > Smoking during pregnancy > Quitting during pregnancy

Research in the UK has also shown that e-cigarettes could be more effective than nicotine patches, and because of this, could lead to better pregnancy outcomes.

Ecigarettes > Pregnancy

Alert: https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/new-pathways-could-improve-bowel-screening-programme/

Coloretal cancer > screening

However, research in the UK has found that for these immunochemical tests, the threshold for further investigation is set at a point that may miss more than half of bowel cancer cases. The research suggests that the NHS England’s Bowel Cancer Screening Programme could make better use of the test's ability to provide the exact concentration of blood in faeces (rather than only whether it is above or below a cutoff level).

Fecal occult blood > Medical uses > Colorectal cancer screening

The English National Health Service (NHS) introduced a Bowel Cancer Screening Program in 2006. It is now offered to patients aged 60–74 years. In 2019 FIT was introduced as the primary screening test in England and Wales, replacing gFOBt. However, research carried out in the UK has suggested that the FIT threshold for further investigation is set at a point that may miss more than half of bowel cancer cases and only identifies one in four high-risk polyps.

Cancer screening > By type > Bowel (colorectal) cancer

However, the current bowel cancer screening programme may miss a high proportion of cancers and high-risk polyps due to the threashold for further investigation.

Alert: https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/genetic-risk-scores-for-breast-cancer-inaccurate-ethnic-groups/

Polygenic scores > Challenges and risks from polygenic scores in clinical contexts

For example, a UK study looked at the accuracy of two established risk scores for breast cancer – SNP18 and SNP143. These tests were accurate for predicting breast cancer in European women. But they were not accurate in Black, Asian, mixed-race and Ashkenazi Jewish women.

Breast cancer screening > BCRA screening

However, research has shown that genetic screening needs to be adapted for use in women from different ethnic groups. A study in the UK found that two established risk scores – called SNP18 and SNP143 – are inaccurate and exaggerate risk in Black, Asian, mixed-race and Ashkenazi Jewish women.

Alert: https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/polymyalgia-rheumatica-treatment-reviews-and-falls-assessment/

Prednisone > Side effects

Long-term steroids can also increase the risk of osteoporosis, but research has found that few of these people were taking medications to protect bones.

Polymyalgia rheumatica > Treatment

Research in the UK has also suggested that people with polymyalgia rheumatica would benefit from a falls assessment when first diagnosed, and regular treatment reviews.

Falls in older people > Prevention > Screening

Monitoring of medications and ongoing medical problems - For example, people with polymyalgia rheumatica often take long-term steriod, leading to osteoporosis. Research in the UK has also suggested that these people would benefit from a falls assessment when first diagnosed, and regular treatment reviews.

Alert: https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/most-shoulder-replacements-last-longer-than-a-decade-research-reassures-patients/ Shoulder replacement

Shoulder replacement

Most shoulder replacements last longer than 10 years. A global study found that patients can expect large and long-lasting improvements in pain, strength, range of movement, and their ability to complete everyday tasks.

Joint replacement > Uses > Shoulder

The number of shoulder replacements carried out each year is increasing, but research looking into global records suggests that nine out of ten shoulder replacements last for at least a decade.

Alert: https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/throat-symptoms-should-not-be-treated-with-ppis/

Proton-pump inhibitor > Medical uses

Research in the UK has suggested that PPIs are not effective at treating persistant throat symptoms.

Lansoprazole > Medical uses

A UK study comparing lansoprazole with a placebo pill showed that there was no benefit to taking this drug for persistant throat symptoms, despite it commonly being prescribed for this problem.

Alert: https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/are-you-sure-you-are-allergic-to-penicillin/

Side effects of penicillin > Allergies and cross sensitivities

Research has sugested that having penicillin allergy incorrectly noted in the medical records can have negative consequences.

Penicillin

Research highlights the importance of both doctors and patients discussing recorded penicillin allergies.

Alert: https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/short-course-antibiotics-effective-in-childhood-pneumonia/

Antibiotic Misuse > Inappropriate use > Human health

Antibiotics should also be used at the lowest does for the the shortest course. For example, recent research has shown that a 3-day course of antibiotics (amoxcicillin) was as effective as 7-day course for treating children with pneumonia.

Antimicrobial resistance > Duration of antibiotics > Limiting antibiotic use > At the hospital level

New research is showing some diseases can be treated with shorter doses, for example, research in children with pneumonia showed giving the children antibiotics for 3 days was as effective as providing 7 days of antibiotics.

Pneumonia > Management > Bacterial

Recent research in children showed that a shorter, 3-day course of amoxicillin was as effective as a longer, 7-day course for treating pneumonia in this population.