User:Martinvl/M23



The M23 is a motorway in the United Kingdom. The motorway runs from south of Hooley in Surrey, where it splits from the A23, to Pease Pottage, south of Crawley in West Sussex where it rejoins the A23. The northern end of the motorway starts at junction 7 on what is effectively a 2 mi spur north from junction 7 of the M25 motorway (junction 8 on the M23). From Hooley it runs for 17 mi past Redhill, Gatwick Airport and Crawley. A spur runs from junction 9 to Gatwick Airport.

History
The motorway was constructed between 1972 and 1975, at the same time as the southern section of the M25 from Godstone to Reigate (M25 junctions 6 to 8). The current northern terminus at junction 7 uses the original sliproads to meet the A23 and a flyover above the junction built for the onward northern continuation remains unused.

A new junction (J10A) was opened in 1997, between J10 and J11, for access to the new Crawley neighbourhood of Maidenbower. It was financed as part of the development of Maidenbower by the construction consortium. It gives only off-access southbound and on-access northbound.

Unbuilt sections
The M23 was planned to relieve congestion on the A23 through Streatham, Thornton Heath, Purley and Coulsdon in south London and was originally intended to terminate in Streatham Vale at a junction with the controversial London Ringways Plan's Ringway 2 (the intended replacement of the South Circular Road (A205)).

In an earlier version of the Ringways Plan it would have continued into central London where it would have met the Balham Loop spur from Ringway 1 (the London Motorway Box) at Tooting. This was dropped in 1967 when the northern terminus was changed to Ringway 2. While a definite route had not been chosen at that time for the northern section, approval was met for the route south of the Greater London boundary at Hooley.

By 1972 the southern section of Ringway 2 had been dropped from the plan, with an alternative proposal that the M23 continue further into London to end on Ringway 1. This was immediately countered in the same year by the GLC, who announced they would not be building that Ringway, which meant that had the M23 continued north into inner London it would not have had the motorway required at its northern end to distribute traffic to the east and west. The M23 plan was gradually scaled back further to omit the section across Mitcham Common and end the motorway at an unsuitable location on Croydon Road (A232) before the plan was postponed indefinitely. By the late 1970s, the area along the proposed line of the motorway had become affected by blight, and while the proposals were finally dropped in the mid-1980s, much of the land reserved for the route was not released by the Department for Transport until the mid-1990s.

The missing section of motorway and the missing six junctions north of Hooley were not constructed due to the refusal of the GLC to finance the project, having encountered large scale opposition to the construction of Ringways elsewhere in London. However, the scale of the four-tier junction between the M23 and the M25, one of only three stack interchanges in the UK, is indicative of the importance attached to the M23 at that time.

Junctions
Data from driver location signs are used to provide distance and carriageway identifier information. Where a junction spans several hundred metres and start and end points are available, both are cited.

{| class="wikitable" !scope=col rowspan="2"|County !scope=col rowspan="2"|Location !scope=col rowspan="2"|Coordinates !scope=col rowspan="2"|Mile !scope=col rowspan="2"|km !scope=col rowspan="2"|Junction !scope=col colspan="2"|Destinations !scope=col rowspan="2"|Notes !Southbound !Northbound
 * rowspan="4"|West Midlands
 * rowspan="2"|West Bromwich
 * 52.536°N, -1.9699°W
 * 0.0
 * 0.0
 * - The North West, Wolverhampton, Birmingham (north & east), Walsall
 * 52.5119°N, -1.9754°W
 * 2.7
 * 4.4
 * 1
 * colspan="2"| - West Bromwich, Birmingham (north west)
 * Oldbury
 * 52.4927°N, -2.0188°W
 * 5.4
 * 8.7
 * 2
 * colspan="2"| - Dudley, Wolverhampton, Birmingham (west)
 * Halesowen
 * 52.4491°N, -2.0152°W
 * 8.2
 * 13.3
 * 3
 * - Kidderminster
 * - Birmingham (south west)
 * rowspan="8"|Worcestershire
 * Frankley
 * 52.4292°N, -2.0179°W
 * Services
 * colspan="2"|Frankley services
 * Catshill
 * 52.3786°N, -2.0465°W
 * 14.8
 * 23.8
 * 4
 * colspan="2"| - Birmingham (south); Stourbridge
 * Bromsgrove-Catshill boundary
 * 52.3543°N, -2.0711°W
 * 16.3
 * 26.3
 * 4a
 * - Birmingham (south & east), London, Redditch
 * - NEC, Birmingham Airport, London, the North East
 * Wychbold
 * 52.2876°N, -2.1202°W
 * 21.6
 * 34.9
 * 5
 * - Droitwich
 * - Droitwich, Bromsgrove
 * Worcester-Tibberton, Worcestershire boundary
 * 52.2128°N, -2.1579°W
 * 27.0
 * 43.5
 * 6
 * - Worcester (north); - Evesham
 * - Worcester (north), Kidderminster
 * Whittington
 * 52.1687°N, -2.1803°W
 * 30.2
 * 48.6
 * 7
 * - Worcester (south)
 * - Worcester (south), Evesham
 * Hill Croome (northbound)-Strensham (southbound)
 * 52.0574°N, -2.1426°W
 * Services
 * colspan="2"|Strensham services
 * Strensham
 * 52.0478°N, -2.1356°W
 * 39.8
 * 64.2
 * 8
 * colspan="2"| - South Wales, Ross-on-Wye
 * rowspan="6"|Gloucestershire
 * Tewkesbury-Northway-Ashchurch Rural boundary
 * 51.9965°N, -2.1237°W
 * 44.0
 * 70.9
 * 9
 * colspan="2"| - Evesham; - Tewkesbury, Evesham
 * Boddington, Gloucestershire-Elmstone Hardwicke boundary
 * 51.929°N, -2.14°W
 * 48.0
 * 77.4
 * bgcolor="ffdddd" |10
 * bgcolor="ffdddd" | - Cheltenham
 * bgcolor="ffdddd" |No exit
 * bgcolor="ffdddd" |Southbound exit and northbound entrance only
 * Badgeworth
 * 51.8897°N, -2.1514°W
 * 51.2
 * 82.6
 * 11
 * - Cheltenham, Gloucester, Gloucestershire Airport
 * - Cheltenham, Gloucester
 * Hucclecote-Brockworth boundary
 * 51.8578°N, -2.1735°W
 * 53.6
 * 86.4
 * bgcolor="ffdddd" |11a
 * bgcolor="ffdddd" | - London, Cirencester
 * - Gloucester, Cirencester
 * bgcolor="ffdddd" |Southbound exit limited to only eastbound A417
 * Brookthorpe-with-Whaddon
 * 51.8621°N, -2.1667°W
 * bgcolor="ffdead" |Services
 * bgcolor="ffdead" colspan="2"|Gloucestershire gateway services
 * bgcolor="ffdead" |Due to open in 2014 (Northbound only)
 * Haresfield
 * 51.7982°N, -2.2889°W
 * 60.3
 * 97.3
 * 12
 * colspan="2"|B4008 - Gloucester
 * colspan="7" align="center"|Rows omitted
 * rowspan="2"|Devon
 * Exeter-Clyst St George boundary
 * 50.7124°N, -3.4638°W
 * 157.6
 * 254.2
 * 30
 * - Exmouth, Sidmouth; - Exeter, Dawlish; Exeter services
 * - Exmouth, Sidmouth; - Exeter; Exeter services
 * Exminster
 * 50.6801°N, -3.5166°W
 * 162.4
 * 261.4
 * bgcolor="ddffdd" |31
 * bgcolor="ddffdd" | - Bodmin, Okehampton
 * bgcolor="ddffdd" |—
 * bgcolor="ddffdd" |End of motorway and multiplex with A38; continues as A38
 * Hucclecote-Brockworth boundary
 * 51.8578°N, -2.1735°W
 * 53.6
 * 86.4
 * bgcolor="ffdddd" |11a
 * bgcolor="ffdddd" | - London, Cirencester
 * - Gloucester, Cirencester
 * bgcolor="ffdddd" |Southbound exit limited to only eastbound A417
 * Brookthorpe-with-Whaddon
 * 51.8621°N, -2.1667°W
 * bgcolor="ffdead" |Services
 * bgcolor="ffdead" colspan="2"|Gloucestershire gateway services
 * bgcolor="ffdead" |Due to open in 2014 (Northbound only)
 * Haresfield
 * 51.7982°N, -2.2889°W
 * 60.3
 * 97.3
 * 12
 * colspan="2"|B4008 - Gloucester
 * colspan="7" align="center"|Rows omitted
 * rowspan="2"|Devon
 * Exeter-Clyst St George boundary
 * 50.7124°N, -3.4638°W
 * 157.6
 * 254.2
 * 30
 * - Exmouth, Sidmouth; - Exeter, Dawlish; Exeter services
 * - Exmouth, Sidmouth; - Exeter; Exeter services
 * Exminster
 * 50.6801°N, -3.5166°W
 * 162.4
 * 261.4
 * bgcolor="ddffdd" |31
 * bgcolor="ddffdd" | - Bodmin, Okehampton
 * bgcolor="ddffdd" |—
 * bgcolor="ddffdd" |End of motorway and multiplex with A38; continues as A38
 * Exminster
 * 50.6801°N, -3.5166°W
 * 162.4
 * 261.4
 * bgcolor="ddffdd" |31
 * bgcolor="ddffdd" | - Bodmin, Okehampton
 * bgcolor="ddffdd" |—
 * bgcolor="ddffdd" |End of motorway and multiplex with A38; continues as A38
 * bgcolor="ddffdd" |End of motorway and multiplex with A38; continues as A38