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Aviation Notes
METAR
 * wind knots
 * visibility m
 * cloud - 100's feet
 * Temp - deg C
 * dewpoint - deg C
 * pressure - mbar

Runway lengths in UK specified in metres (US use feet) - UK lengths specified in feet is either an old document or has been converted for tehe benefit of Americans. Flight level = true level for standard atmospheric pressure = `0`3.2 mbar.

Units of measure used in UK aviation

Shipping (more)
in kW req[] requires Load line ((Plimsoll Line) in decimetres, Register to include.

International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea 1974 - dual units for example Regulation 5. PERMISSIBLE LENGTH OF COMPARTMENTS is replicated for both feet and metres.

International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea - 2004 amendments

Regulation 17 - draught lines in decimetres, fore and aft, both sides

1967 - fathoms replaced by metres on Admiralty charts

SHips markings

Ship design - escape hatches etc

plans etc [ Loss of HMS Ardent - used cables in para 28]

sank in 1000 fathoms

Admiralty Manual of Navigation: Volume 1 - General Navigation, Coastal Navigation and Pilotage

pg 101 - First admiralty chart 1795 pg 103 - 1968 - use of metres rather than fathoms and feet pg 103 Charts metricated in three ways:
 * 1) New information or fresh requirement makes a new chart preferable to correction
 * 2) Bilateral or international agreement with for example Australia and New Zealand
 * 3) Active metrication policy

pg 103 Metricated charts enabled adoption of WGS72 (later WGS84).

pg 104/5 not available

WGS84 now used

Royal Yachting Association - Navigation

Aviation
licensing of aerodromes

References

kilometre
Although the metre was formally defined in 1799, the the myriametre (10,000 metres) was preferred to the "kilometre" for everyday use. The term "myriametré" appeared appeared a number of times in the text of Develey’s book Physique d'Emile: ou, Principes de la science de la nature, (published in 1802), while the term kilometre only appeared in an appendix. French maps published in 1835 had scales showing myriametres and "lieues de Poste" (Postal leagues of about 4288 metres)

The Dutch on the other hand adopted the kilometre in 1817 but gave it the local name of the mijl. It was only in 1867 that the term “kilometre” became the only offfical unit of measure in the Netherlands to represent 1000 metres.

Two German language publications of 1842 and 1848 respectively give a snapshot of the use of the kilometre across Europe - the kilometre was in use in the Netherlands and in Italy and the myriametre was in use in France.

Railway metricaton
Overhead electric masts

Distance markers

ERTMS mph to km/h switchover

ETCS/ERMTS - UIC handbook

good secondary source

problems in data warehousing

problems wioth verbal and electronic reporting of train lengths

... resulting in the system of measure on Britains railway system being a "curious mixture of Metric and Imperial units" - materials are ordered using metric units, infrastructure in miles and chains and signalling equipment in miles and yards.

Metric units used on Le Shuttle

Signalling on CTRL

Eurostar reduced UK gauge

International rail access

Eurostar dials changed between metric and imperial

ERTMS
- Cambrian line

ERTMS overview





Channel Tunnel Railway - http://www.lcrhq.co.uk/ - not much info

2001 - signalling inprovements recommended after accident -

Channel Tunnel and London link
Channel Tunnel Society

Eurotunnel - TVM 430

Secondary source TVM 430

References

Eurostar uses TVM 430, KVB, UK AWS and TPWS

use of KVB