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=Fear of Driving=

Overview
The fear of driving is often extreme enough to be considered a phobia. It is often great enough that people will avoid driving at all costs, and instead find someone to drive them or use public transportation, regardless of how inconvenient or expensive. There is no latin term for this fear, though it is comparable to Hodophobia, the fear of traveling.

Many people have a fear of driving that only escalates to a phobia during difficult driving situations, such as freeway driving or congested traffic.

Causes
There are three major categories of Driving Phobia, distinguished by their onset.

PTSD Driving Phobia
The first and most common cause of a fear of driving is traffic accidents. These situations cause PTSD Driving Phobia, where the fear develops in response to a traumatic event. Usually, situations like these trigger a fear of driving in only specific situations related to the original cause, though it also can trigger a fear of driving entirely.

Driving Phobia as a Specific Phobia
The second most common form is Driving Phobia as a specific phobia. Because driving does involve some danger and the possibility of a collision, there does exist some fear or caution in many rational people. However, for some the fear of crashing, losing control over the car, being criticized or being in a dangerous situation will cause panic. It is classified as a phobia when the anxiety does not rationally reflect the amount of danger.

Agorophobia
The least common categorie is an extention of Agorophobia, the anxiety of being in crowds or public places. One manifestation of Agorophobia is the inability to travel long distances away from home. When driving, an agorophobe may feel that he is putting himself into a fearful situation, and Driving Phobia may develop.

Symptoms
Most people that experience a high level of fear of driving will experience trembling, sweating, accelerated pulse, loss of sense of reality, and thoughts of losing control while driving, even in situations that are reasonably safe. This fear will cause many to avoid driving, create excuses to not drive, or even refuse to get a driver's license for years.

Those with PTSD Driving Phobia may experience intrusive thoughts or dreams of the original accident, both when driving and not, lack of emotional responsiveness and irritibility.

Virtual Therapy Treatement
One of the emerging methods of treating this fear is through the use of virtual therapy. In one study, a group of people with Driving Phobia were put in a dark room. There, they were introduced to a virtual driving program and various computer games with driving situations of graded difficulty. The patient would progress through the different difficulty grades, starting in open country and later driving in cities, traffic, and tunnels. The games used include London Racer (Davilex), Midtown Madness II (Microsoft) and Rally Championship (Packard Bell).

With repeated exposure, all of the subjects displayed significantly less variance from normal in heart rate acceleration, depression readings, subjective distress, depression ratings, and post-traumatic stress disorder ratings.

Other Treatments
The most common treatment for serious cases is behavior therapy, or simply visiting a psychiatrist, though more research needs to be done on the effectiveness of this method.

Several other self-help treatments exist, mainly involving exposure therapy and relaxation techniques while driving. Additional driving training and practice with a certified teacher also help many to become more confident and less likely to suffer from anxiety.

Related fears
“Those who present with a fear of driving often describe features consistent with various anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobia, and social phobia.

Facts

 * Because driving is an inherently dangerous activity, almost everyone will experience driving anxiety to some extent, though not necessarily to the degree of a phobia.


 * 25% - 33% of people involved in a crash that resulted in a referal to a hospital experience this situational fear of driving.


 * The majority of those with a fear of driving rate themselves as safer drivers than average, though less relaxed.