User:Marxcayla33/sandbox

Broadcast radio
Soviet domestic stations broadcast on shortwave, MW, LW and VHF wavebands, though the majority of stations were on medium and long wave. Neither the transmission sites nor the frequencies of domestic FM, MW, LW or SW stations were ever disclosed, thus leaving listeners having to memorise the frequencies.

Television
The Soviet Union used SECAM D (VHF) and K (UHF) (also known as CIS-SECAM). The Soviet Union also used the OIRT VHF band (the "R" channels ranging from chs. R1 to R12) and the pan-European/African UHF band.

Home services
There were four national radio channels. The first was the All-Union First Programme. It broadcast items of national interest along with local opt-out programmes in each of the Republics. The second channel was called Radio Mayak (Radio Beacon in Russian) and was a music and speech entertainment channel intended to be the "beacon" of Soviet culture, similar to BBC Radio 2 in the UK or Radio National in Australia. And the All-Union Third Programme carried the programme strands Radio Yunost and Radio Orfey.

External services
Most people who have listened to shortwave are familiar with Radio Moscow, the main Soviet shortwave radio station. However, that's only part of the picture. Soviet radio also had Radio Station Peace and Progress, officially called the "Voice of Soviet Public Opinion". Most republics also had an external service, relayed by Radio Moscow's transmitters. Radio Moscow also relayed other radio stations from their satellite states, such as Radio Afghanistan.

Radio Jamming
Due to the pressures from the United States to westernize and disasemble the Soviet regime through entertainment and shows, the Soviet Union began jamming and limiting the stations available to its citizens. The United States and Great Britain were utilizing these sources of communication to spread the ideas of national freedoms and civil revolt to destabilize Stalin's regime. Jackson, an expert on psychological warfare, strongly believed that the use of Radio Free Europe, RFE, and Voice of America to encourage revolts behind the Iron Curtain would be key.

Foreign Broadcasting Operations
"The Voice of America, the largest U.S. inter national radio station, operates within the USIA. The VOA began broadcasting during World War II and now transmits in 43 languages through a global network of shortwave and medium wave (AM band) transmitters."

"Its code speci fies a more specific task than the VOA's: "RFE/ RL seeks to identify with the interests of its listeners, devoting particular attention to mat ters directly affecting the peoples of Eastern Europe and the U.S.S.R. In focusing on the special concerns of its audiences, it functions as a 'home service' and conducts itself as a surro gate free press"

Television services
link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Igor_Kirillov_archive.jpg|thumb|Igor Kirillov was the face of [[Channel One (Russia)|Channel One, known as the 1st Programme in the Soviet Union, during the Leonid Brezhnev era. He still makes occasional appearances on this channel, however.]]

National television channels
Generally there were four channels (called "programmes" in the typical European fashion then). The first channel (1st Programme) was the main channel. It was also the most adaptable for the republics to utilize (see "Regional services" below). Other channels were the All Union Programme (the second channel), the Moscow Programme (the third channel aimed mostly at Moscow), and the Fourth Programme (the fourth channel).

Television programming
Soap operas and TV series of original cast were rare until the last decade; a notable example is Seventeen Moments of Spring which quickly became a cult film. It involved the exploits of Stierlitz, a Soviet superspy in Nazi Germany, who inspired many jokes (see Russian humour). However, in the later years quite a few of soap operas were brought in from the West (United States, Brazil, etc.), and a number of detective series were cast locally.