User:Mary Mark Ockerbloom/sandbox/List of scientific instruments

List of scientific instruments which were important to the instrumentation revolution of the twentieth century. Consider organizing by type of analytical techniques involved, according to timeline.


 * Astronomical spectroscopy, 1890s
 * Wadsworth grating spectrograph, Frank L. O. Wadsworth


 * Acidity function, measuring acidity, 1930s
 * Beckman Model E "acidimeter" or pH meter, Arnold O. Beckman, 1935
 * Beckman Model F pH meter, 1936
 * Beckman Model G pH meter, 1937
 * Beckman Model M pH meter, 1937
 * Beckman Model R industrial pH meter, 1942


 * Potentiometry, measuring electric potential, 1940s
 * Beckman Helipot potentiometer, 1940


 * Colorimetry, measuring absorbance of specific wavelengths of light
 * AutoAnalyzer, 1957, Leonard Skeggs ,Technicon Corporation


 * Infrared spectroscopy
 * Flame photometry
 * Electrophoresis
 * Process IR spectroscopy
 * Raman spectroscopy
 * Nuclear magnetic resonance
 * Gas chromatography
 * Perkin-Elmer Model 154 Vapor Fractometer, 1955


 * Ultraviolet spectroscopy
 * DU spectrophotometer, 1941 ✅
 * Cary Model 11 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, 1947
 * Cary Model 14 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, 1954
 * Spectronic 20, 1953 ✅


 * Process gas chromatography
 * Analytical 'data' handling
 * Surface area measurements
 * Atomic absorption spectroscopy
 * Polarimetry
 * Thermal analysis
 * Mass spectroscopy
 * Electron microscopy
 * Elemental analysis
 * Flourescence spectroscopy
 * Clinical analysis
 * Microbalances


 * Liquid chromatography
 * Model GPC 100 Liquid Chromatograph, Waters Corporation, 1963
 * ALC 100 HPLC, Waters Corporation, 1967


 * Ion-exchange chromatography
 * Dionex Model 10 Ion Chromatograph, 1975


 * Auger spectroscopy
 * ESCA spectroscopy
 * Atomic emission spectroscopy
 * Robotics
 * Polymerase chain reaction (PRC)