User:Mat280/FLS 2

FLS2

FLS genes stands for flagellin sensing genes which are used to respond to bacteria flagellum. FLS1 was the original gene discovered to correspond with a specific ecotype within Arabidopis thaliana. Even so, further studies have shown a 2nd FLS gene known as FLS2 to be associated with flagellin reception. FLS2 and FLS1 are different genes with different responsibilities but are related genetically. FLS2's primary focus is association with flg22, which is a flagellin peptide, while its secondary focus is involvement of promoting the map-kinase cascade in plant defense. /> FLS2 is considered a receptor like kinase (RLK). RLK's are very similar to tyrosine kinases but different in the fact that tyrosine kinases are present in mammals and RLK's are plant specific. RLK's are transmembrane proteins that consists of an inner, outer and central domains. Being proteins, the amino-terminus domain is the outside domain and the carboxyl-terminal kinase domain is the inside domain. It is this inner domain that helps play a key role in reception.

FLS2 contains these three domains. The extracellular domain is known as the Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain. It is in this region where there is direct interaction with flagellin initiating the response of FLS2 to flg22. The central domain is the transmembrane domain. This domain is relatively small and is where proteins transition from extracellular to intracellular. These domains are usually very thermodynamically stable and occurs only in the phospholipid membrane between cells. The intracellular domain is the Ser/Thr domain. In this domain, phosphorylation catalyzes a protein kinase cascade leading to a response from the plant. In FLS2, this response elicits changes in growth and plant defenses.