User:Mateuszica/Timeline of brain evolution/entulho

Main sites of information


 * http://www.tufts.edu/as/wright_center/cosmic_evolution/docs/text/text_bio_7.html
 * http://faculty.ed.uiuc.edu/g-cziko/wm/05.html
 * http://www.carlzimmer.com/articles/2000/articles_2000_6.html
 * http://brainmind.com/BrainEvolution.html


 * http://www.univ-montp2.fr/~neurodvpmt/papers/pdf-IJDB.pdf

- images


 * early fish brain http://www.tufts.edu/as/wright_center/cosmic_evolution/docs/images/imgs_lrg_ver3/6_38.jpg
 * fish brain http://www.tufts.edu/as/wright_center/cosmic_evolution/docs/images/imgs_lrg_ver3/6_39.jpg
 * retile to mammals brain http://www.tufts.edu/as/wright_center/cosmic_evolution/docs/images/imgs_lrg_ver3/6_40.jpg


 * http://brainmuseum.org/Specimens/primates/index.html - primate images
 * rat brain http://www.med.upenn.edu/kaneslab/images/puchebrain.jpg
 * roedentia brains http://brainmuseum.org/Specimens/rodentia/index.html
 * tree shrew http://brainmuseum.org/Specimens/scandentia/treeshrew/index.html
 * simple human brain http://www.cbituk.org/GRAPHICS/brain.gif

intro
Timeline of brain evolution, on animals. Brain dont left any fossil, so knowing the paths that of the brain evoltuion is not a easy task, the study of brain evoltuion relies on

observable through the fossil record, animal phylogeny, as well as during the stages of mammalian and human prenatal development, states that the mammalian brain's evolution...............

-- separar em?? early nervous systems

early brains - early invertebrates? and early fish

amphibian and reptilian brains

aves and mammal brains

primate brain

human brain -

procurar "brain evoltuion" "nerve" no google

procurar "brain evoltuion" no wikipedia

procurar artigos de varias regioes do cerebro pra ver se tem partes relacionadas a evolucao

procurar sobre evolucao de invertebrados e early vertebrates

procurar mais sobre a evolucao das Cortical column pela evolucao dos mamals (e como ela foi aumentando)

ver o mais antigo uso de ferramentes - e quando apareceu o cerebro anatomicamente igual aos humanos atuais

ver - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain#Comparative_anatomy

cerebellum evolution
The cerebellum is of archipalliar phylogenetic origin. The pallium is a term for gray matter that forms the cortex. The archipallium is the one of the most evolutionarily primitive brain regions. The circuits in the cerebellar cortex look similar across all classes of vertebrates, including fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals (e.g., Fig. 2). This has been taken as evidence that the cerebellum performs functions important to all vertebrate species.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebellum#Development_and_evolution

Limbic system Evolution
In evolutionary terms, the limbic system is among the oldest parts of the brain and is related to the olfactory lobes. It can be found in fish, amphibians, reptiles and mammals.

neocortex Evolution
With respect to evolution, the neocortex is the newest part of the cerebral cortex (hence the name "neo"); the other parts of the cerebral cortex are the paleocortex and archicortex, collectively known as the allocortex. The cellular organization of the allocortex is different from the six-layer structure mentioned above. In humans, 90% of the cerebral cortex is neopallium.

The six-layer cortex appears to be a distinguishing feature of mammals: It has been found in the brains of all mammals but not in any other animals. There is some debate, however, as to the cross-species nomenclature for neocortex. In avians, for instance, there are clear examples of cognitive processes that are thought to be neocortical in nature, despite the lack of the distinctive six-layer neocortical structure. In a similar manner, reptiles, such as turtles, have primary sensory cortices. A consistent, alternative name has yet to be agreed upon.

Future of human brain evolution
number of Cortical columns conections between Cortical columns changes in the arquiteture of the Cortical columns

if some genetic engenhering will be made ...