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LEAD The opportunity gap is a phenomenon in education describing the differences in children's access to equal educational opportunities. The phenomenon has been studied in the United States. The opportunity gap is related to the achievement gap.

History
The opportunity gap was first described by XXX in YYYY, as a result of the Kerner Commission's work. Education researcher Linda Darling-Hammond coined the phrase the opportunity gap in her 2006 paper "XXXX."

Evidence
The opportunity gap is evidenced by both in school factors and out of school factors

Implications
The opportunity gap implies that sociological and economic differences in children's lives unfairly disadvantage some students while privileging others.

Opportunity Gap vs. Achievement Gap
Whereas the achievement gap focuses on the differences in academic achievement between races in the United States, the opportunity gap focuses on the differences in lived experiences that allow any one student to secure opportunities to learn and excel.