User:Matthew-Christian Garcia/sandbox

Week 15 Assignment
2. Drawing on information in Alexander's ch. 9 (spatial planning for conflict prevention), IN YOUR SANDBOX, please draft a new paragraph with the heading "Marine spatial planning in Indonesia." In a few sentences describe the ocean zoning example from the marine national park in the Savu Sea, Indonesia that Alexander describes on pp. 127-128, incorporating appropriate references. Bonus points if you incorporate an appropriate map, photo or other illustration that is in the Wikimedia Commons.

Marine Spatial Planning in Indonesia
In Indonesia, the Marine Spatial Planning process led to the creation of the marine national park in the Savu Sea, Indonesia. With heavy input from The Nature Conservancy, the Bandung Institute of Technology, many other agencies and stakeholders, and the public, the Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries established a four zone MPA. The four zones consisted of a core zone for research and education, a sustainable fisheries zone, a marine tourism zone, and an other zone which consisted of areas for traditional use, cetaceans, and cultural tourism. With input from the stakeholders, the process of establishing the MPA resolved many conflict causing issues by having open communication between everyone.

3. Find information on the web site of the Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council (CRMC) on how the Rhode Island Ocean-SAMP helped prevent or minimize conflict between Rhode Island-based commercial fisheries and the Vineyard Wind wind turbine development that was just recently approved by the Department of Interior's Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM). Add a paragraph to the article in your sandbox describing this conflict-minimizing process (hint: it's was under something called the "federal consistency provision" of the U.S. Coastal Zone Management Act.)

In 2018, conflict arose between the Rhode Island-based commercial fisheries and Vineyard Wind. The conflict was due to a proposed 800 Megawatt offshore wind farm by Vineyard Wind. Commercial fisherman claimed that it would affect their businesses as these turbines would cause many challenges for the commercial fishing industry. Vineyard Wind claimed that in the long run this was a good idea and would not affect the commercial fisheries. The Rhode Island Ocean Spatial Area Management Plan (SAMP), headed by the Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council (CRMC), facilitated the negotiations between the Fisheries Advisory Board (FAB) and Vineyard Wind in accordance to the Coastal Zone Management Act. Negotiations happened between February 7, 2019, and February 15, 2019. The result was the wind turbine approval as well as compensation for fisheries which included $4.2 million of compensation for costs associated with lost equipment or direct impact claims as well as a $12.5 million mitigation fund for loss of access and reduction of harvest.

Marine and Coastal Conflicts
The marine and coastal areas have been a centerpiece for conflict by humans. The source of conflict stems from two factors which are the ever-changing social-ecological environment and the influence of political and social factors. The changing social-ecological environment leads to the competition for marine and coastal area resources. The growing population of the world has increased so the demand for more goods and services has increased as well. The resources of the marine and coastal regions are struggling keep up with the population growth and as a result, create competition for these resources. In the Asian region, the biomass of coastal fish are down 10-30% compared to three decades ago.

As competition can lead to increased work habits, innovative ideas, and increased production, it can also lead to conflict. With increased competition for marine and coastal resources, the ability of governments to manage the competition has decreased. With factors such as political parties and social drivers being involved, competition turns into conflict. Governing parties determine the restrictions to all forms of marine and coastal resources. When these restrictions do not line up with the beliefs of the mass, conflict arises. In many cases, conflicts arise due to conflicting interests such as the placement of Marine Protected Areas or bag limits.

An example of how competition can turn into conflict is the 1979 killing in Seadrift, Texas. After the Vietnam war, many Vietnamese refugees were given safe passage and new lives in the United States. In 1979, Billy Joe Aplin, a Texas fisherman, was shot to death by a Vietnamese fisherman. Tensions hit a boiling point because of conflict drivers such as the competition for marine and coastal resources, in this case that was crab. The increased competition led to government agencies getting involved as well as the KKK. As the government as well as other groups could not cease the conflicts, tensions boiled over which led to a death of a fisherman and marine resources depleting.

Bibliography


 * Mayr, F., Upton, H., Buck, E., Upton, H., & Vann, A. (2010). Marine protected areas. Nova Science Publishers.