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The Camargue horse is a breed of small, grey saddle horses indigenous to the Camargue region situated on the Rhone river delta which covers part of the Gard and Bouches-du-Rhone departments in the south of France. The Camargue horse lives in the wild in its native wetlands. Its origins remain a mystery, though it is considered to be one of the oldest horse breeds in the world.

Mentioned as early as ancient Roman times, the Camargue horse was occasionally used as a pack horse or a war horse until the 12th century. Throughout history, it has been used as a utility or work horse. The people of the Camargue region use the horse to thresh grain, pull wagons, and to work with livestock, among other things, before releasing it to its semi-wild state. Since their creation, national stud farms have established numerous husbandry programs seeking to increase the size of the Camargue horse in order to develope a war horse. These programs have met with failure.

After a period of decline during the first half of the 20th century, the Camargue horse has become a breed of saddle horse recognized by the national stud farms of France and, along with the Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) and the Camargue cattle, as one of the most iconic symbols of its native territory.

The Camargue horse is still traditionally bred in small, semi-feral herds called "manades". The Camargue horse is the traditional mount of the "gardians" (the Camargue "cowboys") who use it to work livestock and for numerous folk festivals. The Camargue horse benefits from its great fame thanks to "Camargue equitation" as well as its powerful image of tradition and freedom born of its presence in arts and literature, notably in the 1953 film "Crin Blanc.