User:Maunus/RIdraft

Background
Colonial scientific racism and claims of white superiority, Galton and intelligence testing

History of Research

 * The Army Tests (a short paragraph)
 * Yerkes/Terman/Brigham/Shuey - Boas/Myrdal/Benedict&Weltfish/Bond - civil rights and desegregation
 * Arthur Jensen (a short paragraph)
 * How much can we boost - Jensenism debates - emergence of London school of IQ difference research vs. social constructionist psychology - G/Spearman vs. multiple intelligences,, Shockley, Pioneer fund,
 * The Minnesota Adoption study (a couple of paragraphs)
 * Findings + critiques (lack of control of environmental factors (prenatal environment and role of race phenotype on life experience))
 * Mismeasure of Man (not more than a line)
 * Arguments + critiques (ideologically motivated and misrepresenting data)
 * The Bell Curve debates (a couple of paragraphs)
 * Arguments + critiques - APA report, "mainstream science"
 * The Flynn Effect(a couple of paragraphs)
 * Findings by Flynn + differing explanations (Flynn, Neisser, Rushton/Jensen)
 * National IQ studies (a paragraph)
 * Findings/Claims by Lynn/Vanhanen + critiques (Wicherts et al.)

Main Concerns and Questions

 * What do IQ tests measure?
 * What is intelligence and IQ?: Spearman's hypothesis/G, multiple intelligences, cross-cultural intelligence, Jensen, Hunt, Sternberg
 * Fluid/Crystallized,
 * What is race? Social construction, genetic ancestry: Kaplan, Hunt/Carlson, Tang et al.
 * What are the genetic influences on IQ?: individual within-group heritability high (but of variable size in different groups), difficult to correct for environmental effects, no gene/race/intelligence links discovered, hardly any known relations between polymorphisms and intelligence in normal range
 * Adoption, admixture - problems with both (not correcting for environment)
 * What are the environmental influences on IQ?
 * Nutrition & Health, SES/class, Stereotype threat, literacy/education/prior experience, stress, all have been shown to affect the gap in different ways.
 * What are the relative contributions of genes and environment to the IQ gap?
 * 80% genes (because of high individual heredity) (Rushton/Jensen/Lynn), 50/50(or agnostic) (Hunt? Deary? Loehlin? Neisser? Ceci? who else?), probable 100% environment (Flynn, Nisbett, Aronson, Dickens, Turkheimer, Halpern, Fagan, Marks (Sternberg?))
 * Is it ethically defensible to study Race and IQ?
 * Rose/Kamin/Lewontin/Flynn/Hunt/Jensen

Current research agendas

 * Finding environmental causes for the gap
 * Finding links between genes and intelligence, and between genes and populations