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''Superconductors are implemented due to the fact that at low temperatures they have almost infinite conductivity and almost zero resistance. Each qubit is built using semiconductor circuits with an LC circuit, a capacitor and an inductor.''

''Capacitor and inductors are specifically used as they do not produce heat during super-conduction which can blemish quantum information.For superconducting quantum circuits we construct artificial atoms to resemble qubits. Theoretical and physical implementations of quantum circuits are widely different. Implementing a quantum circuit had its own set of challenges and must abide by DiVincenzo's criterium, conditions proposed by theoretical physicist David P DiVincenzo , which is list of criterium for the physical implementation of superconducting quantum computing, where the initial five criteria ensure that the quantum computer is in line with the postulates of quantum mechanics and the remaining two pertaining to the relaying of this information over a network.''

''We map the ground and excited states of these atoms to the 0 and 1 state as these are discrete and distinct energy values and therefore it is in line with the postulates of quantum mechanics.In such a construction however an electron can jump to multiple other energy states and not be confined to our excited state therefore it is imperative that the system be limited to be affected only by particles of light with energy difference required to jump from the ground state to the excited state.However, this leaves one major issue, we require uneven spacing between our energy levels to prevent photons with the same energy causing transitions between neighboring pairs of states. This is where implementing the Josephson Junction becomes imperative.The use of this junction allows us to create the uneven space required in the energy levels of our superconducting circuit.''

DiVincenzo's criteria[edit]
The list of DiVincenzo's criteria for a physical system to implement a logical qubit is satisfied by the superconducting implementation. Although DiVincenzo’s criteria as originally proposed consists of five criterium required for physically implementing a quantum computer, the more complete list consists of seven criterium as it takes into account communication over a computer network capable of transmitting quantum information between computers, known as the “quantum internet”. Therefore, the first five criterium ensure successful quantum computing, while the final two criterium allow for quantum communication.

A scalable physical system with well characterized qubits. "Well characterized implies that that Hamiltonian function must be well-defined i.e the energy eigenstates of the qubit should be able to be quantified. . A scalable system is self-explanatory, it indicates that this ability to regulate a qubit should be augmentable for multiple more qubits. Herein lies the major issue Quantum Computers face , as more qubits are implemented it leads to a exponential increase in cost and other physical implementations which pale in comparison to the enhanced speed it may offer. As the superconducting qubits are fabricated on a chip, the many-qubit system is readily scalable, with qubits allocated on the 2D surface of the chip. Much of the current development effort is to achieve an interconnect, control and readout in the third dimension, with additional lithography layers. The demand of well characterised qubits is fulfilled with (a) qubit non-linearity, accessing only two of the available energy levels and (b) accessing a single qubit at a time, rather than the entire many-qubit system, by per-qubit dedicated control lines and/or frequency separation (tuning out) of the different qubits. The Journey of Superconducting Quantum Computing:

Although not the newest development, the focus began to shift onto Superconducting qubits in the latter half of the 1990's when quantum tunneling across Josephson Junctions became apparent which allowed for the realization that Quantum Computing could be achieved through these superconducting qubits.

At the end of the century in 1999, a paper was published by Yasunobu Nakamura, which exhibited the initial design of a superconducting qubit which is now known as the "charge qubit". This is is primary basis point on which later designs amended upon. These initial qubits had their limitations in respect to maintaining long coherence times and destructive measurements. The further amendment to this initial breakthrough lead to the invention of the phase and flux qubit and subsequently resulting in the Transmon qubit which is now widely and primarily used in Superconducting Quantum Computing.The Transmon qubit has enhanced original designs and has further cushioned charge noise from the qubit.

The journey has been long, arduous and full of breakthroughs but has seen significant advancements in the recent history and has massive potential for revolutionizing computing.

The Future of Superconducting Quantum Computing:

The sectors leading industry giants like Google, IBM and Baidu are using Superconducting Quantum Computing and the transmon qubits to make huge leaps and bounds in the area of Quantum Computing

Earlier this year in August of 2022, Baidu released its plans to build a fully integrated top to bottom Quantum Computer which incorporated superconducting qubits. This computer will be be all encompassing with hardware, software and applications fully integrated. This is a first in the world of quantum computing and will lead to ground-breaking advancements.

IBM released the following roadmap publicly that they have set for their Quantum Computers which also incorporated superconducting qubits and the transmon qubit.

2021: In 2021, IBM came out with their 127-qubit processor

2022: On November 9th, IBM announced its 433 qubit processor called "Osprey"

2023: IBM plan on releasing their Condor quantum processor with 1,121 qubits

2024: IBM plan on releasing their Flamingo quantum processor with 1,386+ qubits

2025: IBM plan on releasing their Kookaburra quantum processor with 4,158+ qubits

2026 and beyond:IBM plan on releasing a quantum processor that scaled beyond 10,00 qubits to a 100,000 qubits

Google in 2016, implemented 16 qubits to convey a demonstration of the Fermi-Hubbard Model. In other recent experiment, Google used 17 qubits to optimize the the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model.Google produced the Sycamore quantum computer which performed a task in 200 seconds that would have taken 10,000 years on a classical computer.