User:Maxack37/sandbox

Response to Brusso7:
Lead - Thank you for the kind words!

Content - I agree, I appreciate the comment about the recent political election

Tone and Balance - I tried my best to remain neutral throughout so I am glad it came across this way

Sources and References - That is good to know. I will make sure that my sources are linked so I may cite them throughout the article.

Organization - I tried to stick to chronological order to make order make the most sense. I’m glad it stuck out!

Overall impressions - Thank you for the good feedback! I will make a strong effort to strengthen my vocabulary for the final draft.

Response to Mervitan:
Lead - I appreciate the kind words.

Content - N/A

Tone and Balance - The neutral tone was a big goal of mine so I am glad it came across that way.

Sources and References - I will make sure to use the Wikipedia Cite Function for my final draft. I’m glad you liked the stats!

Organization - The P1 and P2 etc… was mainly for my own organizational knowledge. Those are existing paragraphs in those sections of the articles that I plan on leaving as is.

Response to Adamng926:
Lead - I will look into shortening the lead.

Content - The content that was a bit out-of-date was meant to be that way, as it was relevant at the time of the election cycles.

Tone and Balance - I appreciate the notice of my neutral tone

Sources and References - I will make sure to properly cite the links for the final draft.

Organization - I agree, there is more to social media and political communication than primary and presidential elections, but these are the big ticket items and usually have the most reliable sources about them.

Overall Impressions - I will look deeper into the sources I have chosen, though I believe they come from reliable backgrounds given their unique purposes.

Intro
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Politicians have a platform to communicate with that is different from the mainstream media. Politicians have the ability to raise large amounts of money in relatively short periods of time through social media campaigns. One in five adult Twitter users in the United States follow President Trump’s Twitter account. President Obama has 26% of adult Twitter accounts following him.   In 2012 President Obama raised over a billion dollars for his campaign, which broke the fundraising record. Around $690 million was raised through online donations including social media, email, and website donations and more money was raised from small donors than ever before.

2008 Presidential Election[edit]
The 2008 presidential election was the first election in which candidates utilized the Internet and social media as a tool for their campaigns. Nearly three quarters of internet users went online to learn about the candidates in the election; this equates to 55% of the entire adult population. Then President-elect Barack Obama was the first to use the Internet to organize supporters, advertise, and communicate with individuals in a way that had been impossible in previous elections. Obama utilized sites like YouTube to advertise through videos. The videos posted on YouTube by Obama were viewed for 14.5 million hours. Obama led McCain voters in all categories of online political activism, which is considered by some to be a major factor in his victory.

Young voters are much more active in online politics. 30% of all those who posted political content online were under the age of 25. 66% of that same demographic voted for Obama while 33% voted for McCain, showing that Obama’s prominence in online politics greatly increased his chances of winning.

In the aggregate, the Democratic websites got more views than the Republican websites (at least in the primaries). This was due in part to the younger voters being more inclined to be in favor of the Democratic candidate as well as being more likely to go on the internet and research or show support for a candidate.

2012 Presidential Election
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Each candidate ran their campaigns with more of an emphasis on the internet. Obama and Romney each hired third party companies to pull, track, and analyze data from their websites. This data drove them each to spend nearly $100,000 on online advertisements (Obama spent $93,400 and Romney spent $82,200). Though these numbers are close, in the aggregate, Obama spent more than Romney did on digital campaigns by a factor of ten. Romney spent $4.7 million and Obama spent $47 million.

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Social media also allows for political figures to voice their support for candidates which has an impact as well. Former New Jersey Governor Chris Christie tweeted his support for Barack Obama in the 2012 election. He. at the time, boasted an 80% approval rating which led voters who were on the fence to support President Obama.

Scandals
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One of the biggest political scandals of Trump’s presidency was the Russian interference in the election through social media. There is broad agreement that Russians working for the Internet Research Agency used a variety of social media platforms to try and have an influence on the elections. Specifically, African Americans were the demographic most targeted.

The impacts of the social media scandals can be seen in the polarization of the country on this issue. 90% of Democrats had no confidence in Trump being able to handle the investigation of Russia effectively, whereas only 23% of Republicans had no confidence in Trump being able to do so. On the other hand, 36% of Republicans said that the Mueller investigation is important whereas 87% of Democrats said that it is important.

Bibliography:
My article is titled "Social media and political communication in the United States". Below is the bibliography of sources I plan on using to make edits.

Aouragh, Miriyam, and Paula Chakravartty. "Infrastructures of empire: towards a critical geopolitics of media and information studies." Media, Culture & Society 38.4 (2016): 559-575.

Davis, Richard, Christina Holtz Bacha, and Marion R. Just, eds. Twitter and elections around the world: Campaigning in 140 characters or less. Routledge, 2016.

de Graaf, Gjalt, and Albert Meijer. "Social media and value conflicts: An explorative study of the Dutch police." Public Administration Review 79.1 (2019): 82-92.

Moore, Martin. "Tech giants and civic power." Centre for the Study of Media, Communication and Power.” King's College London (2016).

Schneider, Christopher J. "Music videos on YouTube: Exploring participatory culture on social media." Symbolic Interactionist Takes on Music. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2016. 97-117.

Sinanan, Jolynna. Social Media in Trinidad: Values and Visibility. Vol. 11. UCL Press, 2017.

Trottier, Daniel, and Christian Fuchs, eds. Social media, politics and the state: Protests, revolutions, riots, crime and policing in the age of Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Routledge, 2014.

Uldam, Julie. "Social media visibility: challenges to activism." Media, Culture & Society 40.1 (2018): 41-58.

Zubiaga, Arkaitz, et al. "Detection and resolution of rumours in social media: A survey." ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)51.2 (2018): 32.

Possible Edit:
From 2010 to 2014, there was a 15% increase in the number of Americans who use their phones to follow political campaigns and/or campaign coverage and that number continues to grow today.

Possible articles to work on:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_crowdsourcing This article deals specifically with government crowdsourcing in the United States. Should I edit this article, I would incorporate international perspectives (likely one country in Europe and one in either South America or Africa) so as to try and encompass the entire picture. On a separate note, the article does not read like a Wikipedia article should.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_use_in_politics This article has good information written throughout. Should I edit it, I would have to change the writing style. It is currently written in a much more journalistic tone (like a reporter is reading it or a press release/briefing).

Social media and political communication in the United States This article has good foundations, but has a few biased statements in it. Furthermore, the article lacks images (which make a large difference in an article). One of the citations is also not complete, but that is a much smaller edit.

Article Evaluation:
Name of Article: Social media and political communication in the United States

Evaluation: Overall, great article! I really enjoyed the timeline from start-to-present of how social media and the internet as a whole has had an influence on major US elections. I also think the article does a fairly good job on remaining unbiased (nonpartisan) in the sense that it does not favor results of Republican or Democratic campaigns. However, it does take an opinionated stance on the impact that social media has had in elections (I agree with the prior comment here). I'd suggest simply presenting the facts and allowing the audience to come to that conclusion on their own. Both sides (pros and cons of using social media for campaigning) are represented fairly well. The pros being it is easy to reach millions of people and fundraise small donations (current term being "grassroots") and the cons being the scandals that arise as well as the negative comments from opposition. The links are relevant and lead to pertinent information regarding the article, however, the 5th source needs a full citation and it has not been addressed. Again, good work!

Link: Talk:Social media and political communication in the United States