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Expansion and traditional values in globalization era--Maziyar khanpoori (talk) 15:59, 24 May 2014 (UTC) Author:maziyar khanpoori (sokhan rooz ,azarbayjan sharghi agency)

Expansion and traditional values in globalization era Introduction: Globalization has become as a most disputable problem of the present century. Theorisians introduce it as a inevitable process of 21th century that will change all aspects of human life. Some other recognize it as a predetermined projects by the west ad capitalism. Apart from different views in the description of globalization, technological ad communication and media transformation and technological and computer networks developments and satellites caused the geographical and national borders lose their importance, and effect on general awareness ad world pressure. 16 Since one of the important factor of globalization is that a new world is a world that anyone on any society can't enclose himself with a fence and avoid from it, the aim of this paper is examination of globalization effect on value system of Asia ancient societies. Definitions: Globalization: The first president of Global business Organization, Renato Rodjiro says: "Globalization is a fact that will swallow everyone. Globalization is sociogeographical transformation that is determined by expansion of superior realm spaces. Globalization has strengthened addition place of government beside state, expansion of other forms of society beside action and existence of other knowledges beside modern rationalism. Arlet Scholt: Five structures which have created globalization are as follows: 17 - epidemic thinking that allows people t recognize world as a unique place, - Capitalism expansion in the world - technological invention in the field of connections and knowledges. - transformation in writing rules such as economic release, that provide proper space for easy ad quick globalization. - A umber of counties have reviewed some rules helping to form citizenry associations. John Bills ad Smith Steve: We see globalization as a process of increasing communication between societies, in such a case that events and transitions in some parts of the world will influence on people and societies of other parts increasingly. The world of globalization is a world in which political, economical, cultural and social events are related to each other increasingly and in a globalized world these are more effective. 18 Melcom Waltz: He knows globalization as a process in which three is no geographical bonds influencing on social and cultural relations, and people will be announced about decreasing these bonds increasingly. Antonie Mc grew: He believes globalization is a moving pattern of different human's activities towards ultracontinent. Also, globalization is al areas of modern life in different dimensions manifest, so it is a multidimension process. Martin Albrow: He explains globalization as processes in which all people around the world connect to each other. Antonie Giddens: A famous English sociologist sees globalization in direction of modernism and says: mutual relationship of global society is globalization ad also it is compressing of time ad place. Emanoel Risher: He says "Globalization is a networking formation during which the remote and 19 retired societies living in the Earth before integrate as a mutual dependence ad global unity. Edward Saied interprets globalization as: "With globalization imperialistic capitalism enters to its new phase and like previous stayes will try to colonize others. Tamlinson: Globalization fid its meaning in early expansion process of complicated relations between societies, cultures, entities ad people around the world. Economic Globalization Collapsing of Berlin wall as the end of life and domination of communism on the East lead to recovery of German's unity ad confirmed collapsing of communism I the East camp. Capitalism system, inspite of its all weaknesses, has celebrated its victory 20 against socialist system and governmental economy and a new market has come into existence to conquer by goods produced in the west factories. Collapse of communism in 90s caused China entering into global economy and Chinese scientists step by step policy have began for economical reforms, thus there weren't any procedures and principles of Mao Tese Kong's book which published during China cultural revolution (1977-1967). Mao Tese principles have replaced by world economy ad open door policy of Dang Shiaopink. The events happened in the world in this decay caused controlling of national state on national economy become meaningless gradually. Todays transnational companies are being formed which great parts of world economy are in their Rands. Culture: The definition of culture has been a disputable I sociology. Therefore relying on a general ad 21 expanded definition can be a good starting for the discussion. Antonie Gedens, and English well-known sociologist, explains culture as: "We can consider culture consisting of a special group values, their way to be followed and the goods produced by them". As a whole, culture may be introduced as an answers formed during history which have been created by people of that society to meet their necessities. "Language" for example, is a human made product which is an important factor of a culture. With regard to the provided definition, we conclude that culture and values in a society is not a static phenomena and change generation after generation specially in the present world that changes take place quickly. Culture globalization: Technology, communication and media transformation and technological advances, computer networks and internet ad satellites cause national a 22 geographical borders become more intangible, social ad cultural activities influence beyond national borders and being influenced by them. During ancient civilization, communications were based on oral communications. But todays, there is media and electronic equipments which formed communications. Communication in the present world have created fundamental transformations in the traditional society. Since all media have messaging characteristic, the message is either culture or spread to transfer culture Media in the present world cause compatibility of mind and thought among human groups and their addressees. They coordinate all society and form daily life by issuing messages. In fact, media change the public culture and create standard attitudes; what do we eat, what do we wear, what do we say, what do we see, and what do we listen. Traditional values: 23 Traditional values in this paper are cultural, religious and social values which have rooted in the dd societies. These values have common factors in culture including: territory; language; notional, traditional and religious symbols and literature. Traditional values mentioned in this paper are related to Asian countries. Of course Asia consist of different countries having different cultures with so many varieties. But what is agreed by them are stressing of traditional values on factors such as family relations, father's hierarchy dominance in the family, son obedience from father, wife from his husband, little brother from his older brother and marriages that arranged by families ad religious beliefs. Conflict on merging of tradition and modernity: Can the traditional values tolerate effects of simulating globalization and can they resist against the effects ad survive? 24 From last few decays that some countries in East of Asia – including Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong and South Korea have attained industrial ad commercial developments and especially when China has joined to this caravan and improved its backwardness because of communism regime, "traditional values became a daily discussion quickly Have the traditional, religious and social old values rooted in these society caused these quickly developments or sampling western living style? Is the values dominated in these societies compatible with values of modern world?" In addition to Asia East countries, in Middle East countries new social classes become into existence, because of oil discovery and its enormous income and development programs of governments, who enjoy welfare, and discussion about values became a hot debate between academicians and thinkers of the society. In fact oil income was a subsidy in order that governments accelerate development by economic 25 and flourishing programmes that lead to civilization, economic development, expansion of factories, money and credits, banks, commercial relations, cities and skyscrapers and a consumer economy ad recreational and information media, round – the – clock encouraging advertisement to consume more goods that have done by central government, and finally have caused transformation of values. If we consider development programmes of these countries and their competition to attain more economic development, we will see even the most tradition countries try to obtain economic development and new technology and modernize the society, and they move along with expansion of communications. These transformations caused not only economic development but also great cultural transformations which some called it westernization, but it may not be correct, because in the east of Asia, economic transformations have not been the same as economic changes in the West which are along with cultural 26 transformations in society and family level and lead to creation of ultra-family institutions such as kindergardens, schools, aged houses to undertake family duties, yet family is most important factor. Alex Encles and Ronald Enghart in their researchers about renovation process and society values, have concluded that changes of these countries aren't lead to omitting of traditional values. We see indicative information that show the answer is o. For example, Enghart observed interesting samples of eastern countries of Asia which are differ from western countries, by asking "Are the women happy while having child" that was a little acceptance in western countries, but the most answers in Japan and South Korea were positive. Or "Can a single women has a child", that Japanese women gave the most negative answers. Alexandre Encles reports in one of his researches: "In 1963 until 1991 proportion of Taiwanese went to memorial ceremonies of their ancestors increased 27 from 39 to 75 percent. According to results of some investigations belief to abstinence necessity of children in Japan is on the increase. In China 95 percent of adults and their children emphasize on abstinence necessity, and in Honk Kong 85 percent of adults agree to punish of guilty children by government". Addition to investigation of these two researches, we may see traditional relations by traveling to these countries, yet, without doubt, family relations is important for economy efficiency. Children have to grow up as soon as possible to protect their parents in old age. We offer see the most reliable workers among family members and family relations in business field. Also, the most reliable alternative are among children ad cousins. Cultural mutation: Although there are traditional values in traditional societies with globalization, changes and 28 transformation always take place ad we are witness of a unique and individual situation. In biology mutation is a sudden appearance of something that hasn't direct relation with previous reasons Mutation isn't controllable and is a new process which can be good on bed. Mutation is a new process that hasn't existed before. The same is true about values. Values ad modern culture integrated in traditional values and create a new situation which is't modern non traditional: but has mutation like situation. Engles in continuation of his report says: In Taiwan Keeping family customs through the son of the family decreased from to percent in 1963 to 32 percent in 1992. Marriages organized by families decreased severely in Taiwan and in Japan we witness decreasing of protection from some traditional values. In the most countries of the eastern Asia we see financial corruption, immoral favoritism, increasing unmarried and one parent families. Of course Engls' report is about two last decays and todays new 29 generation and the youth of eastern Asia countries have more similar value with the western youth, from their taste in sport and amusement, listening to musics to the cloths they wear. Sons that don’t marry early like their fathers, douthers that prefer to complete their education and have financial independence and a job. But these changes are more like to mutation that being westernize. If western culture would be an individualist, rationalist and freedom leader culture, them these values would have been kike a cloths fitting for their society. These cultural mutation happened in traditional societies successively, at the result of globalization, has a ill-shaped body like an immature child, his hands are bigger than his legs. In many aspects it is traditional ignorantly and in other aspects is modernized. In a society in which millions of people lived simple with a heart full of hope ad passed their living period i.e. childhood, youth, old age, illness, death one big one and then received salvation, but at once they become familiar with such 30 cases as individual liberty, human rights, annual incomes, economic production, class struggle and existing gap between classes, thus mutation take place that not only it doesn't belong to past nor a modern life. In a society in which tribal and religious dependence protected its integration util recet days, it is driven backward continuously. What save western society include nomocracy, principle of civil responsibilities, principle of individual liberty and rights that have obtained by campaign, and struggle lasting 400 years. But inevitable transmitting of the ideologies that have no relation with new environment, take such unknown dimension that isn't similar to its original form. This lack of relation made more traditional people to react, so far as they introduce technology as a heaven disaster and the West as cradle of Devil, even they expect government to prevent their entrance or control them in any possible way. 31 We may point to reaction of some countries to internet, satellite networks and modern equipments. These acts are supported by traditional stratum. Since the control doesn't function in the long term, it turns into a common affair and the government and more tradition stratum accept it little by little. When young generation change the population from of the society as time passes, much of previous values change but there is always such mutations and lack of relations. As time passes lack of relations modernize a stratum having more interrelation with west modern world. Which differ from west modernity. This bilateral inevitable dasting is developing in these societies and conflict between tradition and modernity will be continued more or less. We can see this bilateral situation in the public culture, architecture, literature and cinema and even in driving. 32 References: -Giddens, Antonie, The released world, translated by Saiedi, Ali Asghar and Hadji Abdolvahab, Yousef, Elm and Adab publication, first edition, 1379 (2000). - Giddens, Antonie, 1384 (2005), "World landscapes", translated by Jalaic pour, Mohammad – Reza, Theran, Tarh No. -Tafler, Elvin, 1371 (1999), "Third wave" translated by Kharazmi, Shahidokht, Tehran, Nashr No. - "Political – economic information – 17th year, ninth and tenth issues, June and July 2003 (1382). - Stenagar, Daryoosh, "Globalizatio and imperialism, political – economic information, issues 267-268. - Vosoghi, Saied, Kamaie Zadeh, Yooes, "Globalization and Erosion of national sovereignty, Political – economic information, No. 267-268. - Mazerei, Yoosef, Shadfer, Hoorie, "Globalization and Education, Political – economic information, No. 267-268. 33 - Dahshyar, Hosein, "Liberalism: Globalization", Political economic information, No 267-268. - Yaghoobi-pour, Hahdie, "Culture globalization on national identity, political – economic information, No .267-268. - Arletshoolt, Yan (2003), "Minutely looking on Globalization, translated by Karbaschian, Masood, Tehran. - Smith, Steve and Biles, John )2004) "Globalization of politics: International relations in modern era (first volume), translated by Rah Chaman, Abdolghasem and others, Tehran, Abrar international researches institutios. - Goodarzi, (2001), "Globalization, Risk or Dream? 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