User:Mbhushan21/Road space rationing

Effectiveness:

The program's impact on moving behavior to more Sustainable transport methods is also unclear. Evaluations on the effectiveness of Road space rationing regulations focus mainly on whether there is a decrease in the usage of the less sustainable vehicles for which the schemes were implemented in the first place. They do not focus on whether there is a change in the pattern in which such vehicles are used. For example, evaluations examine how many people stop using a polluting car. They do not evaluate how many people start riding bicycles or Carpool as a result of such schemes.

Evaluating Effectiveness
It is important to better understand the effectiveness of regulatory Policy intended to reduce Traffic congestion to improve its implementation in the future. Some factors that hinder the effective Program evaluation of policies like Road space rationing are that Transportation demand management strategies are often implemented as part of broader policies. It is difficult to separate the effects of such methods from the other methods they are associated with. Most measures are taken at the beginning stages and during stages of the implementation of a strategy. Not enough evaluation is conducted after the implementation of these strategies. This makes it hard to measure effectiveness. In Developing countries, data insufficiency makes it hard to evaluate effectiveness of strategies. It is hard to to outline a cause and effect relationship between the regulation that is implemented and the change in behavior or the effect it has. Many factors could cause a change in the behavior of individual's affected by the regulation. It could be the direct result of the regulation or of other existing regulations and societal effects. Given that such programs are not usually implemented in isolation, singular conclusions on the effectiveness of regulations like Road Space rationing are difficult to make.

Three methods can be employed to measure effectiveness of regulatory policies. The first measure, administration evaluation, examines how road space rationing is delivered and enforced to the Target audience. The second measure, behavioral evaluation, focuses on the the extent to which the regulation changes the behavior of the target audience. The third measure, outcome performance, analyzes the outcomes of the regulation. To collect information on these measures, direct Observation, stated preferences surveys, and Revealed preference surveys can be conducted. These methods can be conducted in isolation or simultaneously to procure rich data. The problems associated with these methods are Observer Bias in a direct observation, the spread of Misinformation when respondent's are untruthful, and excess time consumption.

Santiago

In 1992, Santiago reformed its program to adopt vintage-specific restrictions. These restrictions differentiate restrictions by placing higher limits on old, more polluting cars and lower limits on new, less polluting cars. ... As of March 2018, the restriction applies to all cars built before 2012. The 1992 reform led to a significant impact on the emissions created by local pollutants in Santiago. A price effect that favored less polluting car models was also seen. Households in localities facing restrictions owned more 1992 or older built vehicles without catalytic converter than households in localities that did not face restrictions. This reform highlights the effect of vintage-specific restrictions on fleet-composition. It does not provide information on how such a policy can be designed and how welfare is impacted by its implementation.

London Olympics

This strategy was effective in that over 60 million passengers used the tube, which was 30% more than usual usage. Road Traffic was reduced by 15% and only 30% of designated game lanes were in operation each day of the Olympics. Regular transport users altered their travel methods and times to avoid hotspots during the games. The success of the strategy was largely due to the cooperation of Londoners and visitors.



Frosch, Colin. Evaluation of Shared Space to Reduce Traffic Congestion: A case study on West Virginia University's Downtown Campus (Thesis). West Virginia University Libraries.

Ferguson, Erik (2001-03). "Parking Management and Commuter Rail: The Case of Northeastern Illinois". Journal of Public Transportation. 3 (2): 99–121. doi:10.5038/2375-0901.3.2.6. ISSN 1077-291X

"Measuring Regulatory Performance". 2012-01-16. doi:10.1787/9789264167179-en.

"Measuring Regulatory Performance". 2012-01-16. doi:10.1787/9789264167179-en.