User:Mblan45/sandbox Effusive eruption

Notes for grading: Effusive eruption is the article I edited.

All my orginial contributions are the bolded text on the page (barring the bolded title within the first sentence). My scientific sources are Namiki 2008, Nguyen 2014, and Ripepe 2005. External links to Reynolds number, and the Novarupta/Stromboli volcanoes were added.

The first two paragraphs in the initial article were directly copied from other sources. I reworded those sections and cited the information appropriately. Those citations are Marshak and Effusive and Explosive Eruptions from The Geological Society. Everything else in the article was not plagiarized.

= Effusive eruption = From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

An effusive eruption is a volcanic eruption characterized by the outpouring of lava onto the ground (as opposed to the violent fragmentation of magma by explosive eruptions). Lava flows generated by effusive eruptions vary in shape, thickness, length, and width depending on the type of lava erupted, discharge, slope of the ground over which the lava travels, and duration of eruption. This section is directly plagiarized from ''It is reworded below. The book from which this section was plagiarized was cited as the source''

An effusive eruption is a type of volcanic eruption in which lava steadily flows out onto the ground. Effusive eruption differs from explosive eruption, wherein magma is violently fragmented when expelled from a volcano. The shape of the lava flows created by effusive eruptions is governed by the type of lava, rate and duration of eruption, and slope of surrounding areas.

Effusive eruptions occur when hot, (1200 °C) low-viscosity magmas reach the surface of the Earth's crust. Dissolved gases escape easily as the magma erupts, forming lava that flows downhill quite quickly and easily. Effusive eruptions build up gently-sloping shield volcanoes like the ones in Hawaii. Section directly plagiarized from. ''It is reworded below. The website from which this section was plagiarized was cited as the source.''

A volcanic eruption is effusive when low viscosity magma over 1200 °C is released from the Earth's crust. In an effusive eruption, gas escapes the magma as it erupts and forms lava that flows downhill continuously. This type of lava flow builds up shield volcanoes, which are common in Hawaii.

'''Eruptions of basaltic magma often transition between effusive and explosive eruption patterns. The behavior of these eruptions is largely dependent on the permeability of the magma and the magma ascent rate. For an effusive eruption to occur, magma must be permeable enough to allow the expulsion of gas bubbles contained within it. If the magma is not above a certain permeability threshold, it cannot degas and will erupt explosively. Additionally, at a certain threshold, fragmentation within the magma can cause an explosive eruption. This threshold is governed by the Reynolds Number, a dimensionless number in fluid dynamics that is directly proportional to fluid velocity. Eruptions will be effusive if the magma has a low ascent velocity. At higher magma ascent rates, the fragmentation within the magma passes a threshold and results in explosive eruptions. Silicic magma also exhibits this transition between effusive and explosive eruptions, but the fragmentation mechanism differs. The 1912 Novarupta eruption and the 2003 Stromboli eruption both exhibited a transition between explosive and effusive eruption patterns. '''

For example, basalt lava may become ʻaʻā or pāhoehoe. Andesite lava typically forms blocky lava flows, and dacite lava flows often form steep-sided mounds called lava domes due to their viscosity.