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= Deception = From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, see Deception (disambiguation) and Deceit (disambiguation).

Deception is an act or statement that misleads, hides the truth, or promotes a belief, concept, or idea that is not true. This occurs when a deciever uses information against a person to make him/her believe an idea is true. Deception can be used with both verbal and nonverbal messages. The person creating the deception knows it to be true while the receiver of the message has a tendency to believe it (although it’s not always the case.) It is often done for personal gain or advantage. Deception can involve dissimulation, propaganda and sleight of hand as well as distraction, camouflage or concealment. There is also self-deception, as in bad faith. It can also be called, with varying subjective implications, beguilement, deceit, bluff, mystification, ruse, or subterfuge.

New Section: Digital Deception
As technology continues to expand, deception online is common to see. Digital Deception is widely used within different forms of technology to misrepresent someone or something. Through digital deception, people are easily capable of deceiving others whether it be for their own benefit or to ensure their safety. One form of digital deception is catfishing. By creating a false identity catfishers' deceive those online to build relationships, friendships, or connections without revealing who they truly are as a person. They do so by creating an entirely new account that has made up information allowing t hem to portray themselves as a different person. Most lies and misinformation are spread commonly through emails and instant messagin g since these messages are erased faster. Without face to face communication, it could be easier to deceive others, making it difficult to detect the truth from a lie. These unreliable cues allow digital deception to easily influence and mislead others.

New Section: Self Deception
Although deception is often seen with two people communicating with one another, it can also be found within a person. Self deception occurs when one decieves themselves into believing an idea about someone or themselves. With self deception, a person typically knows what they are believing isn’t true. One form of self deception is One-sided evidence gathering. This occurs when an idea is received by another person who may be misinformed or lacks full understanding of this idea, leading another person to believe these concepts within themselves. Self deception also commonly occurs with self image. With certain behaviors and beliefs, a person may hold themselves to have positive aspects about themselves. On the other hand, self deception can be seen when a person believes themselves to have positive attributes rather than negative ones that results in misjudging themselves. Essentially, self esteem is a contributor to self deception due to experiences a person faces that may lead them to think either negatively or positively about themselves although those beliefs may not always be true.

Detection
Some research has found that there are some cues that may be correlated with deceptive communication, but scholars frequently disagree about the effectiveness of many of these cues to serve as reliable indicators. A cross cultural study conducted to analyze human behavior and deception concluded detecting deception often has to do with the judgements of a person and how they interpret non-verbal cues.One’s personality can influence these judgements also as some people are more confident in deceiving compared to others.