User:Mcod8582/Hawaii's Opportunity Probation with Enforcement (H.O.P.E.)

Hawaii’s Opportunity Probation with Enforcement (HOPE) is a high-intensity program that has been implemented to address drug use and abuse among high-risk offenders on probation who have the most severe drug abuse problems. While many may recognize this program as a Drug Court program, it is unique in that it extends its service to offenders who have committed a violent crime, reaching a demographic of abusers untouched by Drug Court programs.

HOPE Model
The program is designed to react quickly to participants who violate the rules of the program. Participants of the HOPE program are typically on probation and if they violate the rules of the program they receive immediate sanction, which usually results in jail time. These sanctions are clearly defined and agreed upon when a participant enters the program.

Participants of the program are required to call a hotline every weekday morning to find out if they must participate in a drug test. This random drug testing takes place at least once a week for the first two months for their program. If participants fail the drug test or don’t show up for the drug test they are immediately reprimanded and a probation modification hearing is held two days later. Violators of the program are typically sentenced to a short jail term, demonstrating to all participants that they are held accountable for their actions immediately after they violate their terms.

12 Benchmarks for Success

The founder of the HOPE program, Judge Steven Alm, outlines 12 Benchmarks for Success that can be used when creating programs similar to HOPE :


 * 1) The players listed below must be involved, make a long-term commitment, and agree to the new, quicker procedures:


 * 1) * The Chief Justice and all Judges participating in the program


 * 1) * Probation Administrators and Officers


 * 1) * Jail Administrators


 * 1) * Prosecutors


 * 1) * Public Defenders/Defense Attorneys


 * 1) * Sheriff/Police to take offenders into custody who fail drug testing, and to serve arrest warrants for absconders


 * 1) A judge should be in charge of the program in order to answer questions, quickly address emergent issues and provide the necessary leadership and collaboration to drive the program. Regular meetings (e.g., monthly) with the judge, probation administrators, and other key personnel are very helpful for identifying and addressing problems and concerns.


 * 1) The most difficult, high risk probationers should be targeted for HOPE, including violent, domestic violence, and sex offenders.


 * 1) Start small!  Begin with no more than 30-50 offenders so as to readily identify and resolve the inevitable challenges that arise.


 * 1) It is critical to hold a brief warning/notification hearing by the judge, with counsel present, at the start of HOPE Probation for each offender to clearly communicate program expectations and consequences and to encourage his or her compliance and success.


 * 1) Routine, effective, timely and, ideally, randomized drug testing (with a confirmation process when positive results are disputed) is key.  A drug testing hotline is a good way to ensure that every supervised offender is aware he or she is subject to testing every week day, with the number of tests varying from a  maximum of  six per month to a minimum of once per month.  The frequency of the randomized testing is gradually reduced for offenders who consistently report for testing and have negative results.


 * 1) Positive drug tests and/or admissions to drug and/or alcohol use should result in an immediate, on-the-spot arrest.  Non-appearance for a drug test or a probation appointment should result in the immediate issuance of a bench warrant.


 * 1) Violation/noncompliance hearings should be held swiftly (within two business days of the arrest date is ideal; it should be possible to hold  three-quarters of the hearings within three days).  High bail is  set, and offenders are usually held in custody pending the hearing.


 * 1) A brief – but virtually certain – jail sentence as a consequence for        probation violation/noncompliance is a central tenet of HOPE.  In most cases, the initial sanction should be for a few days to one week, with subsequent violations resulting in similar or longer sentences.  Exceptions should only be made for rare and compelling reasons (e.g., documented hospitalization excusing a missed probation appointment).


 * 1) Expedited warrant service is needed to ensure absconders are apprehended as quickly as possible.


 * 1) Resources and funding for a continuum of care (e.g., outpatient and residential substance abuse treatment) should be available for offenders who request treatment and/or fail to achieve and sustain abstinence with monitoring and consequences alone.


 * 1) An independent research component is needed to compile, evaluate, and publicly report program results. Statistical updates should be provided to key stakeholders on a monthly or quarterly basis, at least during the first 24 to 36 months of program implementation.”

HOPE History
The HOPE program was launched in 2004 by Judge Steven Alm, currently a First Circuit Judge, in an effort to reduce probation violations by drug offenders.

HOPE Program Results
An evaluation of HOPE indicates that the program has been successful in the following ways :


 * 1) Positive drug tests reduced by 86%


 * 1) Missed probation appointments reduced by 80%


 * 1) Revocations of Probation reduced by more than 50%


 * 1) Arrests for new crimes reduced by more than 50%