User:Mcollins4/Symptoms of COVID-19/Bibliography

García‐Sánchez, Carmen; Calabria, Marco; Grunden, Nicholas; Pons, Catalina; Arroyo, Juan Antonio; Gómez‐Anson, Beatriz; Lleó, Alberto; Alcolea, Daniel; Belvís, Roberto; Morollón, Noemí; Mur, Isabel; Pomar, Virginia; Domingo, Pere (2022-03). "Neuropsychological deficits in patients with cognitive complaints after COVID‐19". Brain and Behavior.


 * This study aims to explore how often impaired performance across cognitive domains in post-COVID patients with subjective complaints occurs and to uncover whether impairment exists within a single domain or many. They took 63 patients with subjective cognitive complaints and assessed them with a comprehensive protocol that included neuropsychological tests and mood measures. The assessments showed that there was a large impact on attention abilities, both in a singular domain as well as connected to decreased performance in executive functions, learning, and long-term memory. This study gives evidence towards the importance of comprehensive evaluation and intervention of post-COVID patients of varying disease courses, not just those who were hospitalized.

Landi, F.; Gremese, E.; Bernabei, R.; Fantoni, M.; Gasbarrini, A.; Settanni, C. R.; Benvenuto, F.; Bramato, G.; Carfì, A.; Ciciarello, F.; Lo Monaco, M. R.; Martone, A. M.; Marzetti, E.; Napolitano, C.; Pagano, F. (2020-08-01). "Post-COVID-19 global health strategies: the need for an interdisciplinary approach". Aging Clinical and Experimental Research.


 * This study group tries to gain a deeper understanding of the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to treating post-COVID-19 syndrome. To do so, they focus on a multidisciplinary post-acute care service that was established in Rome, Italy. They realized that all the information there is about COVID-19 is quite vague when it comes to its long-term effects. They declared that healthcare services need to put a follow-up procedure in place for patients who had COVID-19.

Graham, Edith L.; Clark, Jeffrey R.; Orban, Zachary S.; Lim, Patrick H.; Szymanski, April L.; Taylor, Carolyn; DiBiase, Rebecca M.; Jia, Dan Tong; Balabanov, Roumen; Ho, Sam U.; Batra, Ayush; Liotta, Eric M.; Koralnik, Igor J. (2021-05). "Persistent neurologic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in non‐hospitalized Covid‐19 "long haulers"". Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology.


 * Most people who contracted COVID-19 were never hospitalized. However, these people still develop different long-term symptoms from the virus. These authors characterize the spectrum of neurologic manifestations in COVID-19 survivors who are experiencing “long haulers” symptoms. They took the first 100 consecutive patients that came to their clinic who met the following criteria: had COVID-19 symptoms, had never been hospitalized for COVID-19, and had neurologic symptoms lasting for more than 6 weeks. For each patient, they recorded the frequency of neurologic symptoms and analyzed how the patients measured their quality of life. The most common neurologic manifestations were brain fog, headache, numbness/tingling, fatigue, and more. Most felt like their quality of life in cognitive and fatigue domains had diminished.

Harenwall, Sari; Heywood-Everett, Suzanne; Henderson, Rebecca; Godsell, Sherri; Jordan, Sarah; Moore, Angela; Philpot, Ursula; Shepherd, Kirsty; Smith, Joanne; Bland, Amy Rachel (2021-01). "Post-Covid-19 Syndrome: Improvements in Health-Related Quality of Life Following Psychology-Led Interdisciplinary Virtual Rehabilitation". Journal of Primary Care & Community Health.


 * The Primary Care Wellbeing Service (PCWBS) developed a 7-week-long virtual rehabilitation course to help survivors of COVID-19 after realizing the large risk that long-term effects of the virus had on a person’s wellbeing. To conduct the “Recovering from COVID” course, a large team was needed including a clinical psychologist, occupational therapist, speech and language therapist, and many more. The focus of the course consisted of understanding post-viral fatigue along with topics such as stress management, breathing optimization, and energy conservation. Over 200 people dealing with the effects of the post-COVID-19 syndrome have participated in the course. At the end of each course, participants would complete a survey assessing their health-related quality of life. 76 of these individuals showed that their patient ratings significantly improved.

Scordo, Kristine Anne; Richmond, Misty M.; Munro, Nancy (2021-06-15). "Post–COVID-19 Syndrome: Theoretical Basis, Identification, and Management". AACN Advanced Critical Care.

Yesudhas, Dhanusha; Srivastava, Ambuj; Gromiha, M. Michael (2021-04-01). "COVID-19 outbreak: history, mechanism, transmission, structural studies and therapeutics". Infection.
 * Scordo, Richmond, and Munro comment on the large number of patients health care workers are seeing return with lasting effects of COVID-19. “Long-haulers” is a term that is starting to be applied to patients who are not back to full health after weeks and/or months. Due to COVID-19 being a fairly new virus, these long-term effects are not well known. The authors discuss the possible etiology of these long-term symptoms while also suggesting management methods for the post-COVID-19 syndrome.


 * This article uses a systematic review to summarize the origin, transmission, and etiology of COVID-19. They found that the transmission rate for COVID-19 is significantly higher when compared to other human coronaviruses. A potential explanation for this lies within the spike proteins. The history and mechanism of entry can provide a deeper understanding of COVID-19 and how it can be treated.

Yong, Shin Jie (2021-10-03). "Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome: putative pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments". Infectious Diseases.


 * This author provides a deep explanation of the current understanding of what is known about “long COVID”. They go over some of the common symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, cognitive and mental impairments, etc. It is identified that a possible cause of long COVID may be due to long-term tissue damage and pathological inflammation. It also suggests that some therapeutic drugs that are commonly prescribed for similar conditions could help treat symptoms.