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Article( Q.NO-01) A –এর ব্যবহার: 1. কোন –Noun -এর আগের অক্ষর consonant হলে তার পূর্বে – a এর ব্যবহার হবে। 2 .A lot of, a few, a little, a great deal of, 3. one, unite, unique, university, European- -এর পূর্বে – a এর ব্যবহার হবে। যেমন: a boy, a girl, a country, a village, a tiger, a market, a doctor, a student, a garden, a fox, a lion, a bear, a crow, a tortoise, a farmer, a school boy ,a one eyed person, a hard worker, a domestic animal, a forest, a wind animal, a ferocious animal, a house wife,  a  quack doctor, a rickshaw puller, a

An –এর ব্যবহার:

1কোন –Noun -এর আগের অক্ষর vowel -হলে তার পূর্বে – an এর ব্যবহার হবে। 2. hour, honest, hour, - এর পূর্বে – an এর ব্যবহার হবে। যেমন: an egg, an umbrella, an orange, an iron axe, an idle person, an active man, an educated person, an honest person, an hour, an illuminated man, an ugly bird, an ideal student, an honorable man, an urgent fact, an annual fuction,

The–এর ব্যবহার: 1. কোন গল্পে- কোন ব্যক্তির বা বস্তুর আগে a/an/the ‍বসেছে তবে উক্ত ব্যক্তি গল্পে যে কয়েক বার আসবে, তার আগে the হবে। 2. of যুক্ত- Noun -এর আগে the হবে। 3. on the other hand, on the contrary 4. সাধারনত নদী, সাগর, মহাসাগর, পাহাড়, পর্বত, ধর্মগ্রন্থ, স;বাদপত্র , জাতি, ঐতিহাসিক ঘটনা, ঐতিহাসিক তারিখ, জাহাজ, মরুভূমি, মহাকাব্য, –এর ক্ষেত্রে the - এর ব্যবহার হবে। 5. Superlative degree – এর-the হবে। যেমন: the boy, the man, the girl, the chairman, the doctor, the sky, the sun, the  moon, the east, the Jamuna, the Daily Star, the holy Quran, The 21st February, the cow, the Bangalee, the Indian, the poor, the blind, the active, the Bay of Bangal , the  earth, the 16 th December, the water of the pot, the gold of Africa, the honesty of the workers.

×–এর ব্যবহার:

1. abstract noun, verb, preposition, adjective, adverb, conjunction – এর আগে – Article - ব্যবহার হবে না । 2. এক বাক্যে একাধিক -– Article - ব্যবহার হবে না ।3. my ,our, your, his, her, their, one’s, its, many, each, every, five, thousands, hundred of, pair of, adj, this, that, those, these, much ,all,- এর পরে – Article - ব্যবহার হবে না ।

Exercise: The key, the industrious, a man, a long way, in the world, many a man, the importance of, the benefit of, a mirror, a paddy field, a farmer, the mirror, in the area, the great poet, the Shahnama, a piece of gold, a broken heart, an aggrieved man, a blunder, an English man, the USA, the army, the younger, a common language, the prestige of, an international language, a unique possession, the story of, an ant, a grasshopper, the lazy, a red letter day, a bloody battle, an independent country, an enthusiastic, the great sacrifice of, an acute problem, an LDC, below the poverty line, a great evil, the dignity of, an individual, a nation, a mammoth task, a virtue, a beast, the welfare, unpatriotic, the country,

Fill in the blank: ……….. part and parcel, …………..educational institution,……………..unique place, ……… reading,……….readers, ……….,……. visit, ………library,……certain period,……..nationalized bank,………sensitive young man,……….ex-student,……English literature,………source of pleasure,………..clients,………..bank,………..smiling face,……refreshing drink,……….interesting process,………….old house, on………ground floor,……..house,………..American writer,……..story,……….wonderful piece of business,…………..one room,……………town,………….land,………..interesting writing,………….vegetable garden,…………second language,…………official language,………….

Preposition: ( Q.NO-02) 1.-মধ্যে/মাঝে/বড় সময়/বড় স্থান –এর আগে বসে; তাছাড়া- in the morning, in the evening, in the field, in the river, in the pond, in house, in office, in Dhaka, in Bangladesh, in the journal, in the article, in a room, in a building, in a box, in the garden, in the city centre, in a pool, in a line, in the sky, in the sea, in winter, in 1991, in the middle class, in Japan, 2. On: উপরে অর্থে, মাসের আগে বসে। তাছাড়া- on the table, on the wall, on the box, on the internet, on the ceiling, on the door, on the floor, on a page, on an Island, on a map, on a list, on the corner, on January, on the right, 3. At- তে, ছোট সময়/ঘন্টা/মিনিট/ছোট স্থান- এর আগে বসে; তাছাড়া- at a conference, at a party, at a corner, at the reception desk, at the doctor’s chamber, at home, at school, at the bus stand, at the station, at the window, at 7.00  am, 4. To-কে, রে, তে,প্রতি, নিকটে কাছে অর্থে ব্যহার হয়। তাছাড়া- go to, opposed to, want to, used to, accustomed, would like to, forget, acceptable to, adjacent to, adaptable to, benefit to, compare to, conducive to, suited to, congenial to, essential to, hostile to, favorable to, ready to, advantageous to, affectionate to, pertinent to, relevant to, detrimental to, agreeable to, limited to, adequate to, opposite to, partial to, reduce to, dissimilar to, grateful to, key to, hindrance to, indebted to, heed to, false to, faithful to, callous to, indifferent to, intimate to, introduce to, due to, duty to, accountable to, engaged to, loyal to, allow to, enable to, entitle to, hear to, induce to, invite to, oblige to, permit to, request to, how to, tell to, train to, warn to, compel to, encourage to, force to, implore to, instruct to, be made to, in order to, remind to, show to, teach to, urge to, plan to, 5. Over- উপরে অর্থে-(কটু উপরে)- over the garden, other the bridge, over the tree, over the box, over the river, over the lake, over the pond, over the wall, over the field, over the house, over the building, over the mountain, 6. Above- উপরে অর্থে-(বেশি উপরে)-above the car, above the clouds, above the head, above the river, above the world. 7. Into-(গতিশীল ভিতরে),jump into, throw into, divide into, walk into, go into, into the class, into the garden, into the home, 8.Under- (নিচে)-under the bridge, under the thee, under the chair, under the box, under the mat, 9. Across – এক পাশ দিয়ে যাওয়া- across the bridge, across the road, across the river, across the field, across the street, across the desert, 10- Along –বরাবর যাওয়া- along the road, along the bridge, along the field, along the street, along the sea, along the river, along the desert, 11. round /around- চারপাশে- round the sun, round the room, round the lake, around the chair, around the earth, around the box. 12. Through- মধ্যে দিয়ে যাওয়া- through the forest, through the field, through the tunnel, through the sea, through the road, through the street, 13. Toward –কোন কিছুর দিকে)- toward to the city, toward to the mountain, toward to the river, toward Rajshahi, toward Khunla,

Suitable Phrase: ( Q.NO-03)

1. was born: ( জন্ম গ্রহন করেছিল)-বাক্যে জন্ম গ্রহন স;ক্রান্ত তথ্য- সাল, পরিবার, ব;শ, পদবি, তারিখ, পিতামাতা – থাকলে- was born- এর ব্যবহার হবে। তবে, ঈহা Sub –এর পরে বসবে।
 * 1) Nazrul Islam was born in a poor family. # Nepolian was born in 1769.

2. There: কোন স্থানে কোন কিছু আছে বোঝালে- There- এর ব্যবহার হবে। তবে, বাক্যের প্রথমে শূন্যস্থান এব; পরে (is/are/was/were/live/lived)-থাকলে উক্ত শূন্যস্থানে – There –হবে।
 * 1) Once there was an old man. # Once there lived a clever fox in a forest.

3. as if :( যেন)- বাক্যের মাঝে শূন্যস্থান এব; শূন্যস্থানের পরে verb – এর-past form ( were, knew/had known )- থাকলে উক্ত শূন্যস্থানে – as if – হবে।
 * 1) He speaks as if he were mad. He acts as if he knew all things.

4. as soon as : ( যখন…..তখন)-সময় বোঝাতে as soon as- এর ব্যবহার হবে। তবে, বাক্যের প্রথমে শূন্যস্থান এব; বাক্যের মাঝে কমা থাকলে - উক্ত শূন্যস্থানে – as soon as- এর ব্যবহার হবে।
 * 1) As soon as we reached the station, the rain left. # As soon as he saw me, he left.

5. It : (ঈহা)-সাধারনত – It- প্রাণী বাচক, শিশু, ঘটনা,বৃষ্টি-এর ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহার হয়।
 * 1) It was raining cats and dogs. # The dog is a faithful animal. It has a great friendship.

6.What does…….look like :( কিসের মত দেখতে)-একঈ বাক্যে দু’টি শূন্যস্থান এব; বাক্যের শেষে ? চিহ্ন থাকলে - উক্ত শূন্যস্থানে – What does…….look like –হবে।
 * 1) What does the ghost look like? # What does she look like?

7. have to/ has to/ had to- (অবশ্যঈ)-কোন কিছু জোর দিয়ে করা বোঝালে- have to/ has to/ had to- এর ব্যবহার হবে।
 * 1) You have to take physical exercise to lead a healthy life. He has to come here today.

8. Whenever : (যখনঈ……তখনঈ)- সময় বোঝাতে – Whenever- এর ব্যবহার হবে।
 * 1) Whenever he saw me, he felt very upset. Whenever you smoke, you are attacked by many diseases. When ever you feels feverish, you rushed to the doctor.

9. Had better/ had rather : কোন কিছু করা উত্তম অর্থে-শূন্যস্থানের পরে verb- pre.form- এর ব্যবহার হবে। # You had better obey your parents.

10. would better/ would rather : কোন কিছু করা ভাল অর্থে- শূন্যস্থানের পরে verb- pre.form- এর ব্যবহার হবে। # You would better obey your parents.

11. let alone : ভাবাঈ ‍যায় না- সাধারনত কমা দিয়ে শূন্যস্থান থাকবে।
 * 1) He can not buy a mobile phone; let alone a laptop. You can not walk; let alone run fast.

12. but for : কিন্তু…..জন্য

13. used to : অতীতে কোন কাজ নিয়মিত করা বোঝালে- used to-- এর ব্যবহার হবে।
 * 1) I used to visit my village every Friday. He used to smoke with his friends.

14. No sooner had : যেতে না যেতেঈ- বাক্যের প্রথমে শূন্যস্থান এব; বাক্যের মাঝে than থাকলে - উক্ত শূন্যস্থানে – No sooner had - এর ব্যবহার হবে। 15. What do you mean : তুমি কি বোঝাতে চাচ্ছ- 16. What’s the matter:-ব্যাপার টা কি-
 * 1) No sooner had we reached the station than the train left. No sooner had the doctor come than the patient died.

17. Would you mind: যদি মনে কিছু না কর)- বাক্যের প্রথমে শূন্যস্থান এব; শূন্যস্থানের পরে-verb+ ing থাকলে- উক্ত শূন্যস্থানে Would you mind–এর ব্যবহার হবে।
 * 1) Would you mind having a cap of tea. Would you mind opening the door.

18. What’s ……. Like: :( কিসের মত দেখতে)-একঈ বাক্যে দু’টি শূন্যস্থান এব; বাক্যের শেষে ? চিহ্ন থাকলে - উক্ত শূন্যস্থানে – What does……. like –হবে।
 * 1) What does the ghost look like? # What does she look like?

19. What if: যদি ঘটে)- কোন কারনে –অন্য কোন ঘটনা ঘটলে- What if- এর ব্যবহার হবে। # I don’t drive this old car what if it occurs a serious road accident.

20. as long as : যতক্ষণ না পর্যন্ত)- # You will wait for me as long as I come back. 21. Unless- যদি না কর )-Unless you study more, you will fail in life. Exercise now: Unless	Let alone	It	there Would you mind 	As if 	Neither will 	Had better As fast as 	Was born 	As soon as	What does….look like Have to	Would rather	whenever	Has to What if 	No sooner had	As long as	In order to But for	Used to	What do you mean	What’….like

1……is really unfortunate for a boy like him to fail in the exam. 2. He can not score a goal, …………a hattrick. 3. His mother is sick, she needs to home ………. Possible. 4……you lose your pen ? 5. …… your family …..? 6. You ……..not go out today7…… lived an old man in a village. 8. My sister is acting ……….she  were all in all. 9. Taj-Uddin ………in 1925. 10. They …….straggle more to win the prize. 11. ……. I reached the station, the train left. 12…….. Diamond jumped upon the table than the lighted candle fell on the papers. 13. .........opening the door.14. He has a emergency work. He ........ leave the meeting .15. He came here.......... help us. 16. I don’t drive this old car .......... it occurs an accident. 17. I do not miss my class .......... I miss it. 18. He speaks .........he were mad. 19. ........... we reached the station than the train left. 20. I.......... visit my village ago.

Completing sentence: ( Q.NO-04)

1.	It is high time-এখনই উপযুক্ত সময়)-we stopped air pollution/ we studied attentively. 2.	It is high time to- এখনই উপযুক্ত সময়)-stop air pollution/ study attentively. 3.	It is long since –সে অনেক আগের কথা- he lost his father/ I met him last. 4.	It was long since-সে ছিল অনেক আগের কথা)-he had lost his father/I had met him last. 5.	As soon as –যখন—তখন-he left the place/ the train left. 6.	No sooner had-যেতে না যেতেই- he left the place/ the train left. 7.	Hardly/ Scarcely had-করতে না করতেই- he left the place/ the train left. 8.	When - যখন—তখন-(সাল)-he was born/ he had lost his father/I had met 9.	Lest –নতুবা-(study,read,work)-You should fail in life.                         (run,walk)-You should miss the train.                           (slowly)-You should fall down. 10.	Unless-যদি না কর-You can not shine in life. 11.	So……that-এত যে—পারে না-You can not do the work. 12.	So that-যাতে-You can shine in life. 13.	Too……to- এত যে—পারে না-walk fast/ bear it. 14.	Toofor-- এত যে—পারে না-me to bear it. 15.	While-- যখন—তখন-doing the work/he was going to school/crossing the road. 16.	Where-যেখানে—সেখানে-he lives/ he works. 17.	Who –যে---সে-did the work/helped me/came here yesterday. 18.	Which/ that-যা---তা-has a far-reaching/negative effect on our life. 19.	Would that/ wish/were/had-যদি-I were a king. 20.	As if/ as though-(যেন)- he were mad/ he knew everything. 21.	As/ because/since-কারন- it can be troublesome/welfare for us. 22.	That/ in order that-যাতে- he can do the work./ he can be able to do the work. 23.	to/ in order to/can not but-জন্যে-do the work/ he can help us. 24.	If (v.pre)-যদি-I shall help you. / you will shine in life. 25.	If(v.past)-যদি-I would help you/ you would shine in life. 26.	If (had+vpp)-যদি-I would have helped you./you would have shone in life. 27.	Though/ Although-যদিও-he is poor/honest. 28.	Let alone-ভাবাই যাইনা –he can do it easily. 29.	Provided that-তবে শর্ত যে-you must follow my advice. 30.	Till/Untill –পর্যন্ত/ না পর্যন্ত- I come back. 31.	V. pre+ since- সে অনেক আগের কথা- he lost his father. 32.	v + past+since- সে ছিল অনেক আগের কথা)- he had lost his father. 33.	Whenever-(যখন) you feel upset. 34.	would you mind-(যদি মনে না কর) having a cap of tea.

Phrase sentence: 1. All that glitters is not gold. -2.Where there is will, there is way-3.A friend in need is a friend in deed-4.United we stand, divided we fall. 5.A drowning man catches at a straw 6.As you saw, so you reap.7. It is easy to say but difficult to do. Completing sentence : 1. If you take regular physical exercise,..................... 2. The came to you with a view to ............., but you scolded them without any reason. 3. Please wait here till/untill...................... 4. If I had been hungry,.................... 5. We should plant ................. 6. There goes a proverb that.................... 7. Since the water of this bottle is not pure,.................... 8. Yesterday when we went their house,................ 9. It is high time ..................... 10. They did it so that................... 11. 16th December is a red letter day in our country because....................... 12. Courtesy means............... 13. As her economy depends on it....................... 14. You can not prosper in life unless.................... 15. Though it is a small country, it is.................. 16. Since I am an early riser............... 17. If you................, you will shine in life. 18. If you work hard,.................19.He is studying more lest...................

Right form of verb: ( Q.NO-05)

1.	বর্তমানের যে কোন ঘটনার ক্ষেত্রে V+Pre.form –এর ব্যবহার হবে।
 * 1) Education removes the darkness of ignorance. # Trees give us oxygen.

2.	অতীতের যে কোন ঘটনার ক্ষেত্রে V+ Past form - এর ব্যবহার হবে।
 * 1) Our liberation war took place in 1971. I visited London yesterday.

3.	Present In. tense- I/we/you/he/she/They/Rony/The boys+ V+Pre.form.
 * 1) I write a letter. Mother cooks rice for us. She loves me. He meets us.

4.	Present con. tense- I/we/you/he/she/They/Rony/The boys+ am/is/are+V+.ing+ob.
 * 1) I am going to sit for in this year. They boys are playing cricket.

5.	Present per. tense- I/we/you/he/she/They/Rony/The boys+ have/has+ V+Pre.+ing+ob. . 6.	Present per.con. tense- I/we/you/he/she/They/Rony/The boys+ have/has+been+V+.+ing+ob.
 * 1) I have made my lesson today. The man has completed the work
 * 1) Mim has been reading a book since morning. They have been playing for 2 hours.

7.	Past In. tense- I/we/you/he/she/They/Rony/The boys+ V+past. Form+ob.
 * 1) Mim bought a pen. I liked Ali. Nila went to college yesterday. She ate riec.

8.	Past.con. tense- I/we/you/he/she/They/Rony/The boys+ was/were+v+ing+ob.
 * 1) We were singing a song in chorus. The boy was reading loudly. He was fishing in the pond.

9.	Past per. tense- I/we/you/he/she/They/Rony/The boys+ had+VPP+ob.
 * 1) Sumon had gotten GPA-5 in exam. My father had taught me driving.

10.	Future In. tense-I/we/you/he/she/They/Rony/The boys+ shall/will+v.pre.form+ob.
 * 1) Our college will start at 10.00 am. The sun will rise at 07.00 am today.

11.	am/is/are/was/were/have been/has been/forward to/with a view to+ V+ing.
 * 1) Mim came here with a view to meeting me. I am writing a letter with a view to sending now.

12.	Have/ has/had/having/to have/ to be/being/get/modal verb +be+vpp.
 * 1) Having reached the station, Mim bought a ticket. Environment is being polluted fast.

13.	can/could/may/might/will/would/shall/ should/must/need/do not/does not/ did not+vpre.form
 * 1) Mim can solve the sum alone. Bangladesh may reach the fixed goal of development.

14.	It is high time/ as if/ as though/wish+ V+ Past form.
 * 1) It is high time we stopped environment pollution to live us safe. He speaks as if he were a mad.

15.	lest +sub+should+vpre.form
 * 1) Run fast lest you should miss the train. The old man walks slowly lest he should fall down.

16.	Sothat+Sub+can/could+ V+Pre.form
 * 1) We eat so that we can live. He takes physical exercise daily so that he can lead a healthy life.

17.	So……….that+Sub+can/could not+ V+Pre.form
 * 1) The old man is so weak that he can not walk fast. I am so hungry that I can’t speack.

18.	Sub+ had+vpp+ob+before+sub+vpast+ob.
 * 1) The train had left the station before we reached there.

19.	Sub+vpast+ob+after+sub+had+vpp+ob. 20.	passive voice= am/is/are/was/were+vpp.
 * 1) The bell rang after we had reached the college gate.

Exercsise now: 1. Education (be) a basic right of human being. It (give) us the light of knowledge. Again it (remove) the darkness of ignorance. It (teach) us how to (earn) well or how to ( spend) well. Arrange-ব্যবস্থা করা., contain-ধারন করা, lead-পরিচালনা করা, be-হওয়া, play-খেলা করা, run-দৌড়ানো, remain-থাকা, score-হিসাব করা, maintain-বজাঈ রাখা, bear-বহন করা  know-জানা start-আরম্ভ করা  think-চিন্তা করা  nurse-সেবা করা  bring up-লালন পালন করা  take-নেওয়া  offend-অবাধ্য করা  live-বাস করা  undergo-তলিয়ে যাওয়া  get-পাওয়া  call-ডাকা  prescribe-নির্দেশনা দেওয়া  move-ঘোরা  follow-অনুসরন করা  relieve-মুক্তি দেওয়া  gain-লাভ করা  become-হওয়া  break-ভাঙ্গা  witness-সাক্ষী হওয়া destroy-ধ;স করা  hold-ধরা  waste-নষ্ট করা  kill-হত্যা করা  sit-বসা  support-সাহায্য করা  suffer-ভোগা  indicate-নির্দেশ করা  forgive-ক্ষমা করা  give up-ত্যাগ করা  leave-ত্যাগ করা  drop-ঝুরে পড়া  sleep-ঘুমানো  feel-অনুভব করা come-আসা  fall-পতিত হওয়া  find-খোজা  stand-দাড়ানো  wake-জাগা  understand-বোঝা  realize-বোঝা  ruin-ধ;স করা  build-নির্মান করা  improve-উন্নতি করা give-দেওয়া

Transformation of sentence: ( Q.NO-06) Affirmative to Negative: 1.	Only/Alone= None but/ nothing but/ not more than 2.	Every/ Each/All= There is no………but 3.	Must/ have to/ has to= can not but 4.	As soon as = No sooner had ………than 5.	Both……and= not only……but also 6.	too…..to= so ……that +sub +can not 7.	always = never / adj- এর বিপরীত 8.	অনন্য ক্ষেত্রে= verb+ not/ do/does/did not &adj -এর বিপরীত Exercise now: 1. Only Allah helps the poor. 2. Every mother loves her child. 3. You must study regularly. 4. As soon as we reached the station, the train left. 5. Shakesphere was both a novelist and a playwriter. 6. The old man was too weak to walk. 7. The poor are always happy. 8. He leads an honest life.

Assertive to Interrogative:

1.	Every/ Each/ All+N = Who does not/ do not……..+? 2.	None/Nobody/No one = Who …………+? 3.	অনন্য ক্ষেত্রে= Isn’t/ Aren’t/Don’t/Doesn’t+Sub+v……+?

Exercise now:1. Every man dies one day. 2.Nobody likes a liar. 3. Health is wealth.

Assertive to Exclamatory:

1.	How/ What+ ob+Extension+sub+verb-পুনরায়+! 2.	Sub+wish = If /Would that + বাকি অ:শ 3.	It is a sorrow/ joy that= Alas/Hurrah+! + বাকি অ:শ Exercise now: 1.He leads a simple life. 2. The garden looks very nice. 3. I wish I were a poet. 4. It is a great sorrow that I have passed in exam. Degree: 1.	Positive degree: No other/ Very few / as……as/ so…….as 2.	Comparative degree: than/ than any other/ than most other 3.	Superlative degree: the / one of the + adj+ superlative form

Positive to comparative:
 * 1) শেষের Noun + verb + adj.com.form+ than any other/ than most other+ প্রথম অ:শ.

Poss. No other student in the class is as tall as Sumon. Com. Sumon is taller than any other student in the class.

Positive to Superlative:

+ প্রথম অ:শ.
 * 1) শেষের Noun + verb+ the / one of the + adj+ superlative form+

Poss. No other student in the class is as tall as Sumon. Super: Sumon is the tallest student in the class.

Comparative to superlative:


 * 1) Sub + verb + ,adj.com.form. than any other/ than most other@ the / one of the+ adj. sup.form + বাকি অ:শ.

Com. Sumon is taller than any other student in the class Super: Sumon is the tallest student in the class

Note: No other/ Very few =adj. com. than any other/ than most other= the/ one of the+adj.sup.form

Exercise now:1. No other country in the world is as poor as Napal. 2. No other river in Bangladesh is as big as The Jamuna. 3. Very few problems in our country are as serious as load shedding. 4. Very few things are as valuable as time. 5. Sumon is as good as Roni.

Sentence: 1. Simple sentence: By+ v+ing, Without+ v+ing, in spite of/ despite+(SPF)+ v+ing, because of+(SPF)+v+ing, At/In/On/During/At the age of/ At the time of+ time, to/in order to+v.pre, too…..to, V+ing, For/ forward to/ with a view to+v+ ing, Sub+v+ob/adj.

2. Complex sentence: If, unless, if+not, though, although, because, as, since, when, who, which, that, so…that+sub+can not, in order that, It is +sub+who/which+……, As soon an,

3. Compound sentence: And, and so, or, but, No sooner had ……..than,

Simple sentence 	Complex sentence 	Compound sentence 1.By +verb +ing+ Ex.

By studying more, you will make a good result. If+Sub+v+Ex.

If you study more, you will make a good result. Sub+v+ob+and so+Sub+v+ob.

You study more and will make a good result. 2. Without+ v+ing +Ex. Without studying more, you will fail in life. Unless +Sub+ v+ Ex.

Unless you study more, you will fail in life. Sub+v+ob+or+sub+v+ob.

You study more or will fail in life. 3.inspite of/ despite+spf+ving. He did not get first prize in spite of running fast. Though+sub+verb+Ex.

He did not get first prize though he ran fast. Sub+v+ob+but+sub+v+ob.

He ran fast but did not get first prize. 4.Because of+ spf+ving.

Because of his being ill, he can not attend the class. Because/since/as+sub+verb+Ex.

He can not attend the class because he is ill. Sub+V+ob+and+sub+v+ob.

He is ill and can not attend the class. 5. At/in/on/during/at the time of/at the age of + time

We got our freedom in 1971. When it is+ time

When it was 1971, we got our freedom. It is time +and+ sub+v+ob.

It was 1971 and we got our freedom. 6. To/ inorder to +verb

Kamal went to Dhaka to look for a job. That /sothat /in order that+ sub+can/could+v.pre.

Kamal went to Dhake sothat he could look for a job. Sub+ v+ ob+ and + sub +v + ob.

Kamal went to Dhaka and looked for a job. 7. V+ing

The people living in town have to face a lot of problems. Sub+who+v+noun+main verb+ex.

The people who live in town have to face a lot of problems	Sub+ v+ ob+ and + sub +v + ob.

The people live in town and face a lot of problems. 8. too+adj+to+v.pre.

He is too poor to buy foods. So…..that+sub+can/could+v.pre.

He is so poor that he can not buy foods. Sub+ v+ ob+ and + sub +can/could not +v + ob.

He is very poor and can not buy foods.

9. Sub+verb+ob.

Health is wealth. It is ……who/which It is health which is wealth. ***************

Exercise now: 1. If you read news paper daily, you will know all over the world. 2. Unless you take physical exercise, you can’t lead a healthy life. 3. Though he is poor, he always feels happy. 4. He didn’t pass in exam as he wasted his time idly. 5. We get our freedom in 1971. 6. We should take physical exercise daily to lead a healthy life. 7. The people living in town have to face a lot of problems. 8. Life is too short to waste it everyday. 9. Health is wealth.10. He is a pious person.

শর্তাদি Voice-( Active to passive): ১.Subject-কে object- করতে হবে। ২. object- কে Subject - করতে হবে। ৩. নতুন- Subject- এর পরে সাহায্যকারী verb(am, is, are, was, were, have been, has been, had been, shall be, will be, would be, can be should be)-বসাতে হবে। ৪. Main verb-এর past participle হবে।৫. object- এর আগে by হবে।6. Extension –অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে। 1.Present In.tense Active voice: The boys play cricket in the field. Passive voice: Cricket is played by the boys in the field.

2.Present con. Tense Active voice: The boys are playing cricket in the field. Passive voice: Cricket is being played by the boys in the field.

3.Present per. Tense Active voice: The boys have played cricket in the field. Passive voice: Cricket have been played by the boys in the field.

4.Past In. tense Active voice: The boys played cricket in the field. Passive voice: Cricket was played by the boys in the field.

5.Past con. Tense Active voice: The boys were playing cricket in the field. Passive voice: Cricket was being played by the boys in the field. 6.Past per. Tense Active voice: The boys had played cricket in the field. Passive voice: Cricket had been played by the boys in the field.

7.Future In. tense Active voice : The boys will play cricket in the field. Passive voice: Cricket will be played by the boys in the field.

Exercise now: 1. I like you. 2. You read the book. 3. They visit us. 4. We love our country. 5.The boys arrange the program 6. Mother cooks rice for us. 7. Smoke pollutes the environment. 8. Popy writes a letter to send now. 9. Our govt. takes many steps to stop air pollution.10. We care of health.

Question Exercise: a. Health is wealth. (complex) b. If you take physical exercise daily, you will be healthy. (simple) c. Without taking physical exercise, you can not lead a happy life. (complex) d. A healthy man is always happy. (neg.) e. Everybody wants to lead a healthy life.( Int.) f. Very few person in our society are as happy as a healthy man. (comparative) g. He leads a fresh life. (Exclamatory) h. It is a matter of sorrow that an unhealthy man can not enjoy his life.( Exclamatory) i. Though a poor health man has not money, he can enjoy his life. (compound) j. one should get up early in the morning to take physical exerice.(complex).

Narration-(Q.No-07) Direct narration –দুটি অ;শ । 1.	Reporting verb: Bহা কমার বাহিরে থাকে । = He said,``I am a student.’’ 2.	Reported speach : Bহা কমার ভিতরে থাকে ।=He said,`` I am a student ”

1.Tense: Say/ tell/ says/ tells –থাকলে Reporting verb- এর কোন পরিবর্তন করতে হয় না ।তবে বাক্যে Said/ told/asked-থাকলে- Reporting verb –এর পরিবর্তন করতে হবে
 * 1) Direct narration – কে-indirect naration  –করিবার সময় Tense, person & word পরিবর্তন করতে হয় ।

যেমন: am/ is/are =was/ were, was/ were = had been , have/ has = had , had = had had , do/does not = did not +v.pre.form , did not = had not +v. pre.form, v. pre.= v. past , v. past = had +vpp # তবে বাক্যে বাস্তব, চিরন্তন সত্য, অভ্যাস গত, ঐতিহাসিক ঘটনার ক্ষেত্রে এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না ।

2. word- এর পরিবর্তন : now = then, today =that day, here = there, come= go , before/ yesterday = the previous day	, tomorrow = the next day , this = that , these = those , thus = so , last = the previous sir = politely sorry = apologize

3. person এর পরিবর্তন: 123= SON( 1st person – sub কে, 2nd person – ob.কে, 3rd person – none কে না). 4. Assertive – বাক্য কে Direct narration – indirect narration- করিবার সময় comma(“....”) বাদে that - হবে এব; tense, person, word  আগের মত পরিবর্তন করতে হবে. তবে বাক্যের মধ্যে কমা দিয়ে কোন ব্যাক্তি থাকলে –উক্ত ব্যাক্তি Reporting verb এর হিসেবে ব্যবহার হবে । আবার Reporting verb বাক্যের যে প্রান্তেঈ থাকুক না কেন – indirect -করিবার সময় তাকে বাক্যের প্রথমে আনতে হবে । Indir.= The teacher says that the earth is round which moves around the sun. Indir.= The man said that he was hungry then. Indir. The stranger said that he had wanted to visit Chittagong. Indir. Mother said to her children that she had cooked new foods for them that day. Indir. =Father said to Nila that she should study more to get GPA-5 in exam.
 * 1) Dir.= The teacher say,`` The earth is round which moves around the sun.”
 * 1) Dir.= The man said, `` I am hungry now.”
 * 1) Dir. The stranger said, `` I wanted to visit Chittagong.”
 * 1) Dir. “ I have cooked new foods for you today” said mother to her children.
 * 1) Dir.=``Nila, you should study more to get GPA-5 in exam” said father.

5. Interrogative - বাক্য কে Direct narration – indirect narration- করিবার সময় comma(“....”) বাদে if(Do,Does,Did)/what/who/why/when/where - হবে & say/ said/tell/told/ask/asked = ask/asked & tense, person, word  আগের মত পরিবর্তন করতে হবে. তবে বাক্যের মধ্যে কমা দিয়ে কোন ব্যাক্তি থাকলে –উক্ত ব্যাক্তি Reporting verb এর হিসেবে ব্যবহার হবে । আবার Reporting verb বাক্যের যে প্রান্তেঈ থাকুক না কেন – indirect -করিবার সময় তাকে বাক্যের প্রথমে আনতে হবে ।
 * 1) `` Where do you come from?” I asked him.
 * 2) Hazrat Omar said them `` Where do you live ?”
 * 3) `` Have you cut your nails short?” The teacher said to Maruf.
 * 4) ``Have you saved something for future?” said the rich man to the cobbler.
 * 5) `` Where are your children crying, my daugher?” said the Caliph.
 * 6) ``Do you know Bangladesh open University offers an English self- learning course?” said Asia to Mim.
 * 7) ``Have you seen your mother, Jerry?” said the author.
 * 8) ``Della, have you cut your hair off?” said Jim.
 * 9) ``Mina, have you done your English lesson today?” said the teacher.
 * 10) `` Where do you like to visit, sir? said the ticket seller.
 * 11) ``How many tickets do you want?” said he.

6.Imperative– বাক্য কে Direct narration – indirect narration- করিবার সময় comma(“....”) বাদে  to+ v.pre.form – হবে said = told ; Let’s/ Let us = sub+ suggested that they should +v.pre....... ; Let me/you/them= sub + wished that he might + v.pre.form....... ; Don’t= not to +v.pre.form ; Sir, Madam, Sister, Brother = politely


 * 1) ``Let me see how I can help you.” said the  Caliph.
 * 2) `` Don’t tell a lie.” mother said to her son.
 * 3) `` Let us visit the place.” said the tourists.
 * 4) `` Use your time properly.” said the teacher to the students.
 * 5) `` Please, help me sir.” said the beggar to me.