User:Md. Alamgir Hossain

III Significant Events/History on Discovery of the Comprehensive Theory of relativity. www.alamhens.wordpress.com                                                                  It was a class in 3rd year of my three years honours course. The class was held at a day probably in 1996 what I could not remember in certain date. One of my teachers was conducting us the class on nuclear physics in which the relativistic mass expression was to be explained. The relativity i.e. the relativistic mechanics was a portion of the course, `the classical mechanics’ what was taught us in the same year by another course teacher. But I did not pay attention to the subjective course class as strongly, in the discovery regard, as I paid attention on the above mentioned day during the class of nuclear physics. Our teacher, writing the relativistic mass expression on the black board, was saying us that `mass of a moving body increases with increasing its relative velocity’. Then I became surprised at teacher’s utterances. Thinking that how the mass of a moving body may increase with increasing its relative velocity merely? Thinking, whether the no. of potatoes within a potato-loaded truck may increase with just increasing truck’s relative velocity or not and thinking that without increasing the no. of potatoes how the mass of that potato-loaded truck may increase? Here I mentioned `potatoes’ just for a suitable example interpreting the relativistic mass in which manner and nature? I could not solve these questions till ending my study in Jahangirnagar University, at Dhaka. After completing my master degree examination in the late 1998, I joined a coaching institute at the city of Dhaka as a teacher of physics. Few days after joining the coaching, I had to explain Sir Isaac Newton’s 2nd law of force in the coaching class. The definition of the law, according to him and as well known to us: `the rate of change in the momentum of a moving body under the application of force is directly proportional to the same force strength’. Beside this definition, I gave the class attendants another definition of the 2nd law, in advance: `the measure in acceleration (i.e. the rate of change in velocity) of a moving body under the application of force is directly proportional to the same force strength’. In the mathematical formulation to 2nd law of force according to the former conventional definition, some extra proportionality constant  appears and then diminishes utilizing the definition of unite force. But for the mathematical formulation according to my own definition I had not to use any constant except the mass term of the externally force interacted moving body. I stated in the class that the mass terms of the moving body, itself, appears as the proportionality constant what never diminish. In the class, I gave the latter definition for the 2nd law quite by chance i.e. without being pre-planned. Then finishing the coaching class I return home and never join the coaching afterward. Leaving the coaching institute I passed few days in suspicion that whether my own approach defining the 2nd law of force in the coaching was right or wrong. I felt necessary to offer myself into deep research. In the discovery regard, this was a very important and significant turning point I coincided with, during that coaching class, held on a day of early 1999 year, about 3 years after my third year university course class at that mentioned day of 1996. The point had to be thought in fundamental and besides doing such a time consuming coaching job I could not research in handsome relax, as usual for amateur researchers. Therefore I did not join the coaching. Next, I studied several physics books of advanced level containing the formulation to Newton’s second law of force. I studied these books at the library of BANSDOC at the city of Dhaka. Besides them I studied few physics books written in Bangle medium according to our national curriculum, for the students of intermediate level. While reading Newton’s 2nd law formulation in these books I found these formulations are similar, in which some extra proportionality constant rather than the mass term of the moving body, is taken what diminishes eventually. Then I considered that for a single rigid body, later definition what given in the coaching by me suddenly, might be validate and such an extra proportionality constant may not be taken essentially in the 2nd law formulation for a single rigid body. I considered that, mass of the forced rigid body itself may be taken as the proportionality constant. Because, during application force on it, its mass remains unchanged for its rigidity, never increases and never losses like suddenly retarded or accelerated, completely filled liquid container without coverings losses its liquids even in least, representing that its mass does not remains unchanged. Then suddenly, I asked myself, if, according to relativistic mass expression, the mass of the moving frame is to increase with increasing its relative velocity how does mass of so-called rigid body may remain unchanged and how its mass terms may be taken as proportionality constant itself? Arising to such a question suddenly, I could remember right then about my previous unsolved question about relativistic mass increments what I could not solve till ending my university student life what I forgot long days away. Accordingly then I thought that, to define Newton’s 2nd law formulation for the joined relativistic force applying on a rigid moving body, extra proportionality constant may be taken instead its mass term. Because, if some agent force joins the mass of some rigid body for a remarkable duration, its mass may not remain unchanged what to be increased with increasing its relative velocity however in the relativistic consideration. This was my preliminary concept about relativistic mass affairs. Nevertheless, I was in suspicion about relativistic mass increments and it seemed to me a mystery still then that mass of a moving body increases with increasing its relative velocity. Thus before being affirmed about the proportionality constant (whether mass term `m’ or any extra general constant) defining the mathematical formulation to the 2nd law of force I felt necessary for further investigation about the actual manner as well as nature of increasing mass with relative velocity of a moving body. I fell into the deep research-thinking for the same investigation. Right then I was very near about the resolution to my previous unsolved question created in my mind at a course class during my university life. In a day, before publication results of my master degree examination and one week after leaving the coaching institute, I was staying at my sister’s cabin in the city of Dhaka. There was a tall building along sides the cabin. While researching during these consecutive seven days, I myself start swinging my head back and forth suddenly sitting at the same place in the cabin. I kept my attention and saw suddenly that the tall building kept also into movement back and forth due to my head’s movement back and forth. Such hypothetical movement of the surrounding tall building was observed by me with references to position of nearing objects e.g. door, windows and window’s sticks etc. of the cabin. During such attentive observation, the tall building seemed to me as joining me to be a rigidly connected part of my head as well as my body under back and forth movement. Without swinging my head the tall building would never be seemed and proven to being rigidly connected with my body. At once, it was meant to me as- `mass of my head-body system is increasing with the movement of head swinging i.e. with the relative velocity of the head movement’. The incremental mass of the head-body moving (swinging) frame is nothing but the mass of the tall building under observation to be in parallel hypothetical movement relative to the anti parallel hypothetical movement of my cabin’s door, window and window’s sticks etc. Then I generalize the theme on some inertial moving observer. When an observer moving inertially views some infinity distant visible object (distal what, in fact, rigidly connected with or belongs to other rest frame), he witnesses it moving too in parallel hypothetical motion, regarding the anti-parallel hypothetical motion of the proximal objects of the same enormous rest frame. For example, when a man moves along straight linear path he sees infinity distant visible star, Moon or the Sun moving too along with his moving frame as like as its any rigidly connected parts e.g. seats, windows etc. of a moving bus. Hence so-called visible distal object seems to that inertially moving observer as it is connecting i.e. gathering with the real mass of his moving frame which is quite equivalent to the theme- `when a body starts moving its mass increases with increasing the strength of its relative velocity’. Then I thought such increasing relativistic mass might be imaginary in general and never be in the real manner, as with increasing the no. of potatoes whole mass of their container would increase really. Because distal visible objects of other frame can not be regarded rigidly connected parts of corresponding moving frame really, though their position vectors with respect to inertially moving observer remain the same for a remarkable duration as position vectors of all points on his inertially moving frame remain always the same according to his own references. They may be regarded as rigidly connected parts of the moving frame merely by the corresponding inertially moving observer for his relativistic imagination about visible distal objects viewing their parallel hypothetical motions. Spinning or revolving observer can not view such parallel hypothetical motions of objects of other frame. Thus following these significant and pre-defined steps (by Allah) in my fortune on discovery the scientific theme: `infinity distant visible objects of other frame tends to gather in rigidly configured mass with the inertially moving frame to be as its rigidly connected parts as according to inertially moving observer’s relativistic imaginations’ I reached at the confirmation about my previous unsolved questions i.e. about the manner and nature of increasing relativistic mass of a moving frame with its relative velocity. The manner and nature of increasing relativistic mass with relative velocity of a moving frame may be comprehended well studying chapters 6, 7 & 8. At the end of chapters 7 & 8, it has been shown that the relativistic incremental mass is nothing but the incremental motion inertia of the moving frame. On the other hand, the motion inertia of a moving body can never be included as its real mass as including a potato inside a sac of potatoes must increase real mass of the sac. Thus applying force on a rigid body for any duration its real mass should always be the constant but its relativistic imaginary mass being equivalent to its motion inertia, may be increased with increasing its relative velocity. Therefore then I reached at the final conclusion that in the real mass consideration, extra proportionality constant `k’ should not be used rather than the mass term `m’ of the rigid moving frame while constructing formulation to the Newton’s 2nd law of force for applying the same force on it.

Then I thought again about what to be the position of the mass term in the mathematical calculus expression for Newton’s 2nd law of force. Since the mass of the moving frame does not change really but in the imaginary relativistic consideration, its mass term should be out sides, at front the time derivative  as proportionality constant [i.e. in the form: ,   or  ] as I defined in the coaching class according to my own definition and not inside time derivative as variable quantity functioning the variable momentum term  [i.e. not in the form: ,   or  , in the conventional definition method ` ’ diminishes from the unite force definition.]. In other words, since the real mass of the moving rigid body does not change for changing its relative velocity, its mass term should not be included into the time derivative as a variable term, because its real mass term must be always the constant. Only the variable term may be included into the time derivative and not any constant term. We discuss it in chapter 7 while defining the relativistic formulation to Newton’s 2nd law of force. We showed in the same chapter that the relativistic mass expression

may be defined well directly from relativistic formulation to the 2nd law of force. In relativistic formulation, relativistic time derivative is taken to define the formulation.

It was very significant and important discovery by me that `infinity distant visible objects of other frame seemed to some inertially moving observer to being as rigidly connected to his moving frame’. This is the great relativistic theme in scientific philosophical regard what I discovered while modifying the fundamental physical law, the 2nd law of force by Sir Isaac Newton, into its reasonable form as well as while researching about the actual manner and nature of increasing relativistic mass for the same 2nd law formulation and hence modifying the concepts of relativistic mass as given by Sir A. Einstein. The theme is very important and significant in the regard that it has been utilized to explained every tropic we discussed through our whole document in the comprehensive regard. We utilized it to discover the hidden sequential relations between the fundamental (relatively rotating) coordinate transformations and the Lorentz four dimensional transformations (chapter 4) and defining the Lorentz transformation in a non ordinary method (chapter 5) in terms the imaginary coordinate axes rotations discovering which even in the Lorentz coordinate arrangements. The theme conveying the concepts of imaginary mass as well as charge is utilized to discover the origin of Electro-Magnetic vibrations (chapter 9) and hence interpreting the natures of light and eternal wave particle dualism. We confirmed that the origin of all kinds electro-magnetic radiations lies in the wave-natural motion inertia of some previously accelerated charged elementary particle through some where the atomic realm. We have discussed just earlier that according to this theme, the relativistic version of the 2nd law of force is to be the relativistic time derivative of the velocity vector of a moving body keeping its mass term at front the same derivative. The same has been done in chapter 7. Utilizing that relativistic 2nd law of force we derived the mass energy relation (chapter 12) which is slightly different from Einstein’s one and which containing the relativistic factor. We term it as the relativistic binding energy expression. Utilizing this expression we were able to interpret the origins of the weak and strong nuclear forces (chapter 14). The mechanism in the spontaneous radio-activity can also be explained in terms the relativistic binding energy expression (chapter 15). Furthermore, utilizing that useful relativistic theme we could discover the hidden sequences between the special and general theories of relativity (chapter 18). Their hidden sequence is that both kind relativities can be interpreted well in terms the references by some inertially moving observer on the universal spacetime. A. Einstein’s general and special theories of relativity have been unified into the comprehensive theory of relativity because both kind relativities can be interpreted well even in terms the references by the single inertially moving observer. His reference is according to the theme that infinity distant visible object seems to the inertially moving observer to be rigidly connected with his moving frame. In the last chapter 19 we showed that the Gravitation i.e. the laws of Gravitation, as given by Isaac Newton, can also be explained well in terms the references by even the single inertially moving observer i.e. according to the same theme. Thus the relativistic theme: `the infinity distant visible objects seem to the inertially moving observer to be rigidly connected to his moving frame’ is the basic concepts of our comprehensive theory of relativity what can bring very significant laws of Physics into the very earnestly expected `single picture’. That theme was discovered from a long research while investigating about the actual manner as well as nature of increasing relativistic mass during my residence in my sister’s cabin at the city of Dhaka after leaving the coaching institute I mentioned above. This is the brief highlights on the discovery of the comprehensive theory of relativity. We discussed the same above along with its historical and scientific importance.