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Sulfolobus islandicus Rod-Shaped Virus 2
Sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped virus 2, also referred to as SIRV2, is a archeal virus that infects the archeaon Sulfolobus islandicus. This virus belongs to the family Rudiviridae.

Biology and Biochemistry
SIRV2 has a linear double-stranded DNA genome. The viral DNA is replicated by 4 host DNA polymerases: Dpo1 through Dpo4.

The virus has a rod-shaped morphology with a width of 23 nanometers (nm) and a length of 900 nm. The virus has terminal plugs that are pointed at one end and have a 45 nm length and 6 nm width. Three tails, 28 nm in length, have been observed on both ends of the virus.

SIRV2 is able to survive additions of 6 molar (M) urea, absolute ethanol, octanol-2, and 0.1% Triton X-100 in neutral pH and 25 degrees Celsius. In vitro testing has shown that SIRV2 is still able to infect at 70-80 degrees Celsius and in a pH 3 solution.

SIRV2gp19 was found to be a single-stranded DNA endonuclease in 2011. This was proven by inducing a mutation in the SIRVgp19 protein Motif II from the amino acid aspartate to alanine which resulted in a loss of nuclease activity. This protein is functional within pH 7-10. Magnesium chloride was found to be a cofactor to this protein in 1971. Sodium chloride concentrations above 100 mM inhibit SIRV2gp19.