User:Medains/JTcleanup

This is a cleanup of the Judo technique article.

Judo technique can be neatly broken down into several clear categories.


 * Throwing techniques:applied during the standing phase (tachi-waza) to throw the opponent to the floor, a cleanly executed technique may score ippon winning a competitive match, otherwise the combat will continue in the ground phase. This group include sacrifice throws.
 * Grapping techniques:mainly applied during the ground phase of the fight to immobilize or otherwise subdue the opponent, these are sometimes also applied whilst standing. Joint locks and chokes fall into this group.
 * Striking techniques:barred from competition, these techniques appear in some training Kata.
 * Breakfalls:basic techniques intended to teach the student how to fall cleanly when thrown to avoid injury.

Some techniques are not recognised as being part of Judo by Kodokan schools and other budo, but have been included in some Judo texts.

Throwing Techniques
Known as Nage-waza (投げ技), these techniques are applied against a standing opponent to take him to the ground. Under Judo categorisation these break down into several groups of techniques. Often counters to throwing techniques themselves throw the opponent, and are grouped with the basic techniques. Some throwing techniques can be applied in the ground phase as a grappling technique.


 * Hip throwing techniques:those techniques primarily involving the use of the hips to lift and throw the opponent.
 * Leg throwing techniques:those techniques in which the legs are used to sweep the opponent, or otherwise break his balance.
 * Hand throwing techniques:those techniques not using the hips or legs; shoulder throws, lifts and other throws belong here.
 * Sacrifice techniques:some techniques involve going to the ground yourself in order to apply them, not seen often in competition due to the likelyhood of losing should the technique be countered.

Grappling Techniques
Known as Katame-waza these techniques are applied to immobilise or knock-out the opponent. Frequently these will be applied in the ground phase, though many can also be applied whilst standing although it may be more difficult to do so.


 * Position changes:techniques used to gain a dominant position over the opponent, these techniques are used to gain a dominant position from which to apply other techniques.
 * Chokes:techniques used to knock out the opponent via choke, strangulation or constriction of blood flow. In competition a successful choke will tend to result in a "tap-out" rather than having to complete the choke.
 * Joint Locks:techniques using pain or leverage to control the opponent, a successfully applied lock will often cause the opponent to "tap-out" conceding the match. These are sometimes used as compliance holds in the law enforcement community.
 * Holds:techniques used to control the opponent in a submissive position without applying a lock to a joint. A held opponent will lose the match if immobilised for 25 seconds.

Striking Techniques
Known as Atemi-waza these techniques are banned from competition, though they are sometimes used in light sparring and some strikes may contact during a competition bout by accident and not be judged to be foul (such as an elbow contact with the opponent whilst grappling in the ground phase).

Kicks, punches and blocking techniques belong in this category.

Breakfalls
Breakfalls, or Ukemi, are simple tumbling techniques taught to enable the Judoka to fall without injury when being thrown.

= Technique Summaries =

There follows a descriptive list of techniques, unrecognized techniques (those not officially in Kodokan) are marked as such.

Hand Techniques (Te-waza)

 * Ippon seoinage (本背負い投げ, or 本背負投):One arm shoulder throw. With his back to the opponent, the judoka grasps his arm and lifting with his legs throws the opponent bodily over his shoulder.
 * Kata guruma (肩車):Shoulder wheel. Grasping the opponent by one arm and leg, the judoka lifts him onto his shoulders and dumps him bodily on the opposite side.
 * Kibisu gaeshi ( 踵返):Heel trip reversal. Grasping the opponent by one ankle, the judoka lifts the ankle and uses his other hand to unbalanced the opponent backwards.
 * Kouchi gaeshi (小内返):Small inner reap counter. A counter to Kouchigari, taking the weight away from the swept leg, the judoka takes advantage of the momentary imbalance of his attacker to amplify that and throw him.
 * Kuchiki taoshi (朽木落):One-hand drop. The judoka moves his body through the center of gravity of his opponent, taking a grip at the knee and lifting it to throw.
 * Morote gari (双手刈):Two-hand reap. Similar to Kuchiki Taoshi, but the judoka takes a grip of both the opponents knees, using his shoulder to push through the opponents center of gravity.
 * Obi otoshi (帯落):Belt drop. The judoka lifts the opponent bodily by taking a grip on the belt and around the waist.
 * Seoi nage (背負い投げ, or 背負投):Lifting shoulder throw. Taking a grip on the opponents arm and underneath the same shoulder, the judoka turns and throws over his shoulder.
 * Seoi otoshi (背負落):Kneeling shoulder drop. Very similar to Seoi nage, but instead of bending at the waist to throw bending the knees to lower the pivot point.
 * Sukui nage (掬投):Scoop throw. Standing beside his opponent, the judoka grips the closest knee and around the waist, dumping the opponent backwards.
 * Sumi otoshi (隅落):Corner drop. Moving the opponent with a grip on one arm and at the chest, the judoka throws by continuing the motion with the chest grip, but curling the arm down and back.
 * Tai otoshi (体落):Body drop. With a grip on one arm and the other elbow or upper arm, the judoka pulls the opponent towards him, turning to throw - using one leg to prevent the opponent from taking a step to avoid the throw.
 * Uchi mata sukashi (内股透):Inner thigh wraparound. With a grip on the opponents arms or torso, the judoka lifts his opponents leg with the back of his own leg against the inner thigh, throwing the opponent.  If the opponent maintains his own grip then the judoka may also fall, but will hopefully be in a dominant position.
 * Uki otoshi (浮落):Floating drop. With a grip on the opponents arms or torso, the judoka steps back and lowers himself to one knee, pulling down to throw through momentum.
 * Yama arashi (山嵐):Mountain storm throw. Similar to Uchi mata sukashi, the judoka turns, pulling the opponents upper body and lifting his leg against the outside of the opponents thigh.