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Mitral annular disjunction (MAD) is a structural abnormality of the heart in the mitral annulus ring. It is generally defined as a separation between the junction of mitral valve annulus connection to atrial wall and the left ventricular attachment which allows for mitral valve to become hypermobile. It can be diagnosed by echocardiography and additionally by cardiac computed tomography and cardiac MRI.

Diagnosis
MAD can be diagnosed with transthoracic echocardiography. Additionally, it can also be diagnosed by cardiac computed tomography and cardiac MRI.

Risk Factors
Mitral annular disjunction is considered a risk factor for mitral valve prolapse and myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve. This is thought to be due to the hypermobility of the mitral leaflet during the cardiac cycle. There has been an observed association between MAD and cardiac arrhythmias, theorized to be caused by fibrosis of the cardiac muscle secondary to the hypermobility and myxomatous degeneration. In rare cases, this fibrosis can lead to cardiac arrest.

History
MAD was first described by Saroja Bharati in 1981 in a patient with mitral valve prolapse who suffered sudden cardiac death. It was later defined by Grover M. Hutchins in 1986.

History
MAD was first described by Saroja Bharati in 1981 in a patient with mitral valve prolapse who suffered sudden cardiac death. It was later defined by Grover M. Hutchins in 1986.