User:Mell4143/Mumps

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Before the invention of the mumps vaccine, the morbidity of mumps was about 46- 726 cases per 100,000. Children ages 5-7 were the population most affected. Several studies have been conducted to quantify the incidence of mumps pre and post-vaccination globally. Initial vaccination significantly decreased the number of individuals who were infected. In the pre vaccination era, the US reported 186,000 cases annually. Since vaccination, 99% of the cases have been reduced, with peak incidence occurring every 2-5 years. However, there are still sporadic outbreaks; outbreaks have been attributed to factors such as climate, behavioral activities, and vaccine efficacy. The US has experienced several mumps outbreaks .There is concern that the MMR vaccine is not effective over time; waning immunity is a contributing factor to mumps outbreaks reported in the US. In 2006, there were 6500 reported cases and between 2009 and 2010, 3500 people were infected. From January 2016- June 2017, there were 150 outbreaks that resulted in 9200 cases of mumps. 75% of the 150 outbreaks occurred in universities, and 55% of the total individuals infected (n= 9200) had received two doses of the MMR vaccine. In the 2016- 2017 outbreak, a third dose of the MMR vaccine was given to college students who had a previous history of vaccination. The attack rate for mumps in students who received three doses of the vaccine was lower than those who had two. The third dose of the MMR vaccine was associated with a 78.1% reduced risk of infection. Individuals who received the second dose 13 years or more before the outbreak had a higher risk of infection. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that people who had previously received two doses of the vaccine, and are at a high risk of infection get a third dose.