User:MellowEl98/Lamiales

Original intro section:
The Lamiales are an order in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes about 23,810 species, 1,059 genera, and is divided into about 24 families.Being one of the largest orders of flowering plants, Lamiales have representatives found all over the world. Well-known or economically important members of this order include lavender, lilac, olive, jasmine, the ash tree, teak, snapdragon, sesame, psyllium, garden sage, and a number of table herbs such as mint, basil, and rosemary.

My edit: The Lamiales are an order in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes about 23,810 species, 1,059 genera, and is divided into 25 families. Being one of the largest orders of flowering plants, Lamiales have representatives found all over the world. Well-known or economically important members of this order include lavender, lilac, olive, jasmine, the ash tree, teak, snapdragon, sesame, psyllium, garden sage, and a number of table herbs such as mint, basil, and rosemary.

- add family Peltantheraceae to family list, add the family list on right to body of text (wiki suggests to do this for more than 10 items listed)

original description:
Although exceptions often occur, species in this order typically have the following characteristics:


 * superior ovary composed of two fused carpels
 * five petals fused into a tube
 * bilaterally symmetrical, often bilabiate corollas
 * four (or fewer) fertile stamens
 * opposite leaves

my edit: (info):

- Plant species within the order Lamiales are eudicots and are herbaceous or have woody stems.

- Zygomorphic flowers are common in Lamiales, containing five petals with an upper lip of two petals and lower lip of three petals, however actinomorphic flowers are also seen. The genes cycloidea and dichotoma were found to express the zygomorphic floral pattern. Most families of the order Lamiales have five stamen but are reduced to four or two. Lamiales also contain a single style attached to an ovary typically containing two carpels. The ovary in the Lamiales order is mostly observed to be superior. Lamiales inflorescence is typically seen as raceme or spike. Fruit type in Lamiales order is usually dehiscent capsules. Glandular hairs are present in Lamiales.

opposite leaves, glandular hairs, fruits capsules, most have bilaterally symmetric flowers, with an upper lip containing 2 petals and lower lip made of three petals, fused, most families have 2 or 4 stamen while some families such as the Scrophulariaceae have 5. pollen structure is deiverse among families. most familes in the order have 1 ovary with 2 carpels, most have axile placentation but families Orobanchaceae and Gesneriaceae have parietal placentation. Most species of lamiales produces several seeds, however a member of the Orobanchaceae familiy produces around 300,000 seeds.

Habitat:

The Lamiales order can be found in almost all kinds of habitats world-wide. These habitats include forests, valleys, grasslands, rocky hills, rainforests, the tropics, temperate regions, marshes, coastlines, and even frozen areas.

Carnivory:

- The order Lamiales contain many carnivorous plant species, belonging to the family Lentibulariaceae and Byblidaceae. Protocarnivorous plsnt species have also been found in the order Lamiales, specifically in the families Martyniaceae.

Parasitic plants:

Lamiales order contain parasitic plants, belonging to the family Orobanchaceae. These parasitic plants can either be hemi-parasites or holoparasites.

Uses:

-The order Lamiales contain a variety of species with anthropogenic uses, most belonging to the Lamiaceae and Acanthaceae families. Many of these species in the order Lamiales contain medicinal properties from alkaloids and saponins to help a variety of infections and diseases. These alkaloids and saponins may help with digestion, the common cold or flu, asthma, liver infections, pulmonary infections and contain antioxidant properties.

Plant species within the order Lamiales are also known to have properties to repel insects and help control harmful diseases from insects, such as Malaria from mosquitos. The plant family Acanthaceae within the Lamiales order have bioactive secondary metabolites within their mature leaves, which have been found to be toxic to insect larvae. Botanical derived insecticides are a good alternate for chemical or synthetic insecticides as it is inexpensive, abundant and safe for other plants, non-target organisms and the environment.

For example, in Sardinia culture, the most used plant species within the Lamiales order is Lavandula stoechas, where they use the stem to extract a natural light green dye.