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Overview

The history of Henan opera dated back to more than 200 years ago. The opera was widely spread in Henan province in the late Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) and faced new development opportunities after the founding of PRC in 1949. The opera spread across China and was ahead of the other 300 local operas in China before the mid-1980s.

History

With regard to the origin and formation of Henan opera, not only there was a shortage of the record in ancient books, but also few scholars have involved the in-depth and comprehensive exploration and research about it. Since the 1920s and 1930s, there have been some opera researchers who have put forward some viewpoints on the origin of the opera. However, these viewpoints are only represent their own thoughts. There are some similar arguments and completely opposite arguments. There is some evidence to support their own thoughts, but they are not enough to convince people. Therefore, there is no conclusion yet. Four major representative opinions concerning the origin of the opera are presented following, they are originating from Shanxi opera, originating from the folk society of Henan, originating from the operatic tune which is popular in Central Plains area of China, and originating from the predecessor of Henan Bangzi.

Tune types

The four types are centered on different regions in Henan province.

In the late Qing Dynasty(1644-1911), Henan Bangzi have been greatly expanded in Henan. Due to different living habits, language characteristics, natural environment, cultural psychology, and aesthetic tastes, Henan Bangzi has changed from the repertoire to operatic tune in different regions of Henan. Therefore, four main tune types of Henan opera formed. The four types are centered on different regions in Henan province.

Famous people

Besides the four actresses mentioned, there are also some well-known actors such as Zhao Yiting, Tang Xicheng, Li Sizhong.

Zhao Yiting (1995-1992), a member of the Chinese Theatre Association and director of the Henan Theatre Association. His artistic career spans more than 60 years and has made outstanding contributions to the theatrical career. He is an important figure in the history of Henan opera.

Tang Xicheng (1924-1993), a member of the Chinese Theatre Association, director of the Henan Theatre Association. The achievements of his artistic achievements contributed to the highest peak of the male character in Henan opera and Mr. Tang is a master of Henan opera.

Li Sizhong (1921-1996), a famous master of the Henan opera, the representative of the Heilian performer ("male character with darkish painted face") of Henan Opera.

Status quo and suggested solutions

As an important local opera genre among the numerous non-material cultural heritage related Chinese operas, however, Henan opera are facing a hard situation on the protection and development. As many other local operas, the future of Henan Opera is worrying due to the influence of commodity economy and the impact of modern lifestyles. The number of plays and urban audience has reduced, and the rural audience is dominated by the elderly.

As for suggestions to improve the hard situation, Henan opera can establish a mutual benefit with tourism resource to appeal more audience. At the same time, the exploration and research of Henan opera materials can be enriched, the investment in the development of Henan opera can be increased, and the productization of Henan Opera tourism meets the need of the times.

There are some specific strategies such as strengthening the tourism propaganda of Henan opera, building the characteristic brand of Henan opera culture, developing the Henan opera tourism experience project, holding the Henan opera festival, Cultivating the new force of Henan opera tourism, and exploring various development model of Henan opera tourism.