User:Melofors/research

Newspaper mentions
Johnnycake Town // Johnnycake Tavern

16 Nov 1839 — State vs. William Petticord — "Johnny-cake Town", Mr. Lee's tavern

16 Apr 1840 — State vs. William Petticord update — "Johnny-cake Town"

11 Nov 1847 — passing mention — Johnnycake Town

21 Sep 1848 — passing mention — Johnnycake Town

1 May 1852 — passing mention — Johnnycake Town

6 Jun 1854 — passing mention — Johnnycake Town

22 Jan 1867 --- reward for lost cow --- J. LEE's, Johnnycake Town

21 May 1870 --- passing mention --- Johnnycake Town

14 Apr 1877 --- schoolhouse --- "Johnnycake Town"

21 Apr 1877 --- schoolhouse --- "Johnnycake Town"

1 May 1877 --- schoolhouse

2 Oct 1895 — lost and found — Johnnycake Town

26 Nov 1905 — "Suburban Baltimore" historical — Johnny Cake Town

11 Feb 1912 — "Observing the Beauties of Catonsville" historical — Johnny Cake Town

Johnnycake Road

11 Nov 1847 — old Frederick road

1 May 1852 --- the old Frederick road

6 Jun 1854 — Old Frederick Road

12 Jun 1855 --- the Johnnycake Road

22 Jan 1867 --- the old Frederick road

21 May 1870 --- the old Frederick road


 * also on 5/23, 5/24, 5/25, 5/26, 5/28, 5/30, 6/1, 6/2, 6/3, 6/6, 6/9, 6/11, 6/13, 6/14, 6/20, 6/22, 6/23, 6/24

9 May 1871 — the Johnnycake road

22 Nov 1873 -- the old Frederick road

2 Oct 1895 — old Frederick road

21 Sep 1907 — the Old Frederick road (erroneously called Johnnycake road)

Specific residents
James Lee (c. 1797 -- after 1880)


 * 8 Jan 1835 marriage to Charlotte Lee (Baltimore)
 * 16 Nov 1839 newspaper
 * 1840 Census, DIstrict 1 (engaged in commerce)
 * 1850 Census, District 1 (inn keeper)
 * 1851--1852 — Thomson’s Mercantile and Professional Directory
 * 1860 Census, District 1 (store keeper)
 * 22 Jan 1867 newspaper
 * 1870 Census, District 1 (farmer)
 * 22 Nov 1873 newspaper
 * 1880 Census, District 1 (farmer)

Peddicord family


 * William Peddicord
 * 17 Apr 1840 newspaper
 * 22 Nov 1873 newspaper

Pierpoint family


 * Frank Pierpont (2 Oct 1895 [lost and found])
 * R. Pierpont
 * 1878 map
 * http://genealogytrails.com/mary/baltimore/cemetery_info.htm

Betts family


 * J or F Betts

Outside

Pearce family


 * Levi Pearce
 * 22 Nov 1873 newspaper

Crosby family

Kinz family

Johnny-cake Town - Sat. November 16, 1839, Baltimore Sun, Page 1 (state vs. william petticord court)

(article, clipping)

Johnny-cake Town - Thu. Apr 16 1840, BS, P1 (state vs. william petticord court update)

(article, clipping, 2) (April 17, guilty)

Johnny Cake Towa - Thu. Nov 11 1847, BS, P3 (passing, “leading to JT”)

Johnnycake town - Thu. Sept 21 1848, Baltimore Sun, Page 2 (passing, “above jt”)

Johnnycake Town - Sat. May 1 1852, Baltimore Sun, Page 10 (passing, “above jt”)

Johnny-cake town - Tue. Jun 6 1854, Baltimore Sun, Page 2 (passing, “above jt”)

Johnnycake Road - Wed. Jun 13 1855, Baltimore Sun, Page 3 (john arbele cow on JR in lost and found)

(article, clipping)

Johnnycake Town - Tue. Jan 22 1867, BS, P3 (missing calf, reward “at J. LEE’S, Johnnycake Town”)

(article, clipping)

Johnnycake Town - Thu. May 21 1870, BS, P3 (passing, “near jt”)

(article)

(Also on 5/23, 5/24, 5/25, 5/26, 5/28, 5/30, 6/1, 6/2, 6/3, 6/6, 6/9, 6/11, 6/13, 6/14, 6/20, 6/22, 6/23, 6/24)

Johnnycake road - Tue. May 9 1871, BS, P3 (passing, near “jr”)

(article, clipping)

Johnnycake Town - Sat. Apr 21 1877, BS, P1 (school at jt cleaning, meeting held)

(article, clipping)

Johnnycake Town - Tue. May 1 1877, Weekly Opinion, P2 (school at jt cleaning)

Johnnycake Town - Apr 14 1877, The Democratic Advocate, P2 (*)

(article)

Journeycake road - Mon. Dec 19 1887, BS, P6 (maidens dairy farm on JR on sale)

Journeycake road - Tue. Dec 29 1887, BS, P3 (*)

Journeycake Road - Fri. Dec 20 1887, BS, P3 (maidens dairy farm on JR on sale)

(article)

(Also on 12/19, 12/23, 12/27, 12/31, 1/3, 1/7)

Johnny Cake road - Mon May 13, 1889, BS, P5 (John G. McCullough’s land for sale on “the Johnny Cake road, a first-rate macademized [sic] road”)

(article)

Journey Cake road - Mon. Dec 18 1893, BS, P3 (stuff for sale on corner of Roland and JR)

(article)

(also on 12/9)

Johnny-cake Town -  Wed. Oct 2 1895, BS, P3 (frank pierpont cow lost and found)

(article, clipping)

Johnny Cake road - Wed. Dec 13 1899, BS, P7 (new electric railway along JR)

(article)

Johnny Cake Town - Sun. Nov 26 1905, BS, P8 (turnpike travelers, susquehanna indians)

(article, clipping, 2, 3, 4, full clipping)

Johnny Cake road - Sun. Oct 20 1907, BS, P16 (motor journey along the johnny cake road)

(article, clipping)

https://www.newspapers.com/image/373077876/?terms=%22johnnycake%20road%22&match=1

“Erroneously called Johnnycake Road”

Johnny Cake Town - Sun. Feb 11 1912, BS, P23 (1para description, turnpike stop)

(article)

Johnny Cake Town - Sun. Feb 18 1912, BS, P26 (JR named after JT)

(article, clipping)

Johnnycake road - Fri. Feb 11 1916, BS, P8 (JR name change)

(article, clipping)

Journey Cake Town -  Mon. Feb 28 1916, BS, P7 (JR name change letter to editor)

(article, clipping)

Johnny Cake road - Sat. Mar 4 1916, BS, P16 (JR name change)

(article, clipping)

Johnny-Cake Town - Sun. Jun 4 1916, BS P34 (earliest in neighborhood, tobacco raised extensively)

(article, screenshot) (clipping, 2, 3 - CATONSVILLE, REMARKABLE FOR ITS NATURAL BEAUTY by Katharine S. Boblitz)

Johnny Cake town - Tue. Oct 26 1920, ES, P1 (v)

(article, clipping)

Johnnycake Town - Wed. Oct 27 1920, Evening Sun, Page 10 (featherbed lane)

(article, screenshot - Featherbed Lane, On Way to Johnnycake Town by Henry M. Hyde)

Johnny Cake Town - Thu. May 4 1922, Evening Sun, P23 (tobacco rolled to elkridge)

(article, screenshot) (clipping - Elkridge by John Randolph Stidman)

Johnnycake Town - Sun. Nov 29 1932, BS, P35 (earliest in neighborhood, didnt flourish)

(article, screenshot)

Johnnycake Town - Sun Jan 16 1938, BS, P16 (tavern)

(article, clipping)

Johnnycake road - Wed Jun 5 1961, ES, P77 (jr road widened on its western side to 18 feet)

(article)

Unsourced
Mount Airy, Maryland

"Mount Airy was first settled along what is now Ridgeville Boulevard. With the construction of the Old National Pike (Route 40) in the 1730s, Ridgeville became a rest stop and overnight lodging for travelers on the road."

Woodbine, Maryland

"The original road from Baltimore to Frederick runs just north of Lisbon, following a slight ridge line westward half way to Woodbine (the road was finally paved in the 1960s). This was the original trail that existed before the National Road was built (the road that runs through Lisbon)."

Native American origins

Poplar Springs, Maryland

"Old Frederick Road was built through the town, following a Native American foot trail. By 1783, two weekly stagecoaches traveled the road. As of 1835, eight daily coaches traveled through town."

Holiday House Tour following a trail of Howard County history

"Old Frederick Road, which begins at the Patapsco River in northern Howard’s Hollofield area, started out as one of those trails, says Paulette Lutz, deputy director of the Howard County Historical Society."

-

Mobberly's Inn; the Waggon Road (Howard County Land Patents)
Moberleys Tavern, John Moberley, Sr, 40 Acres – Mt. Airy

"Surveyed 1/19/1744 by William Cromwell; Patented in Jan 1744 by John Moberley for 40 acres; "on both sides the Main Waggon Road Leading to Monocacy and between the head draughts of the western falls of Patapsco River and the head draughts of Snowdens River"

Hatherly Resolution, John Hatherley, Jr., 50 Acres – Ellicott City - West

"Surveyed 4/14/1744 by William Cromwell; Patented in Apr 1744 by John Hatherly for 50 acres; "on the south side of the main falls of Patapsco and on both sides the mane waggon road leading to Monocacy" beginning "at the end of the south by west line of Hopstants [Hopsons] Choice it being a tract of land of John Mackinze and on the east side of the main waggon road aforesaid""

Addition To Hatherly's Forrest, John Hatherly, Jr., 100 Acres – Ellicott City - West

"Surveyed 4/14/1744 by William Cromwell; Patented in Apr 1744 by John Hatherly for 100 acres repatented as Hatherly's Contrivance; "on the south side of the main falls of Patapsco and on the drafts of Patuxent River near the Main Waggon Road leading to Monocacy""

Shipleys Enlargement, Robert Shipley, 417 Acres – Woodbine

"Surveyed 12/8/1748 by Richard Shipley; Patented in Jun 1750 by Robert Shipley for 417 acres repatented as Shipley's Enlargement (Resurveyed); Resurvey of Williams Lott with vacancies "on both sides the Main Waggon Road the leads to Monocacy partly between the western falls of Patapsco River and the head drafts of the Middle River of Patuxent", plat explains the odd-shaped tentacles spreading north, south, and southwest as being due to the Bald Barrans to the west; adjoins Cattail Marsh"

Mansells Defence, Samuel Mansell, 1364 Acres – Woodbine

"Surveyed 1/30/1750 by Richard Shipley; Patented in Oct 1752 by Samuel Mansell for 1364 acres repatented as Additional Defense; Resurvey of Addition To Mansells Range "on the head drafts of Snowdens River and on both sides of the Main Waggon Road to Monocacy""

Littleworth, William Fisher, 60 Acres – Woodbine

"Surveyed 7/6/1751 by Richard Shipley; Patented in Oct 1752 by William Fisher for 60 acres repatented as Worthless; "on the South Side of the Main Waggon Road that lead to Monocacy" starting "on the west side of the Cattail Marsh""

Pillage Enlarged, Samuel Mansell, 771 Acres – Mt. Airy

"Surveyed 12/11/1764 by Joshua Griffith; Patented in Jan 1765 by Samuel Mansell for 771 acres repatented as Trouble For Nothing; Resurvey of Pillaged Land with vacancies lying in both Anne Arundel and Baltimore Counties, adjoining Moberley's Tavern to the south and Favour And Ease to the west; this survey was never patented"

Mobberly's Inn sold from John Mobberly Sr. to Samuel Hobbs (1749):

Mentions
 * "Widow Hobbs's Tavern" – 1764
 * "Widow Hobbs's Tavern" – 1770
 * "Hobbs's tavern" – 1795

Maps
 * "Hobbs" – 1794
 * "Hobbs" – 1794
 * Hobb T. – 1820
 * Hobb T. – 1825
 * Hobb T. – 1831

1749 --
 * Wikitree, 2014
 * Genealogy, 2000
 * Multiwords

Early mentions of road
state of road in 1771

"A rough road, half opened and almost impassable in winter, extending from Baltimore to Frederick, crossed the Patapsco about for miles above the site where John Ellicott had chosen, at the place where James Hood had, in 1768, erected a mill, which was afterwards purchased by the Ellicott brothers, and became known as Ellicott's Upper Mills"

"Besides attending to the business of the mills, John Ellicott would ride ten miles every day to Baltimore, to attend to the purhcase of wheat and the sale of flour. He thus became one of the first of the class of millers called merchant millers, He would return home in the evening, and that too over a very bad road. Biographical and historical accounts of the Fox, Ellicott, and Evans families, and the different families connected with them, p32 (1882)

"first trail" leading from Frederick

"No navigable stream flowed through the new town so it was entirely dependant on roads; and these it proceeded at once to build. Within a few years serviceable wagon trails led from the new settlement to Baltimore, Annapolis, and Georgetown."

"The first of these trails ran through New Market, Ridgeville, Poplar Springs, Cooksville, and Ellicott City. It is readily recognizable as the route of the old Frederick Pike which, with some improvement, served Baltimore as the great road to the west for two hundred years. A section of U.S. 40, it was supplanted by a new dual highway completed in 1954." - p11, Report of the State Roads Commission of Maryland for the years, 1957/58

stagecoaches

"A bi-weekly line of stage coaches ran in 1783 between Baltimore and Frederick Town, William Davey and Richard Shoebels, proprietors, "stopping for the entertainment of passengers at Mr. Hobbs', Mr. Simpson's, and Mr. Rocketts', where good fare may be had for fifteen shillings."" - History of Western Maryland, 1882

"In 1783 there was a bi-weekly line of stage coaches running between Frederick Town and Baltimore. The expansion of travel brought with it the opening of taverns and inns." - Roads put Frederick County on map, 1998

~

1763

"A tract of land called The Plains of Parran, commonly called Hammond's Quarter, containing 1580 acres, lying on the main Road leading from Baltimore-Town to Frederick-Town, about 14 Miles from the former." - The Maryland Gazette, 1763

1771

"Eight hundred acres of land, part of a tract of land, called Upper-Marlborough, situate and lying in Baltimore County, lying on the great Road leading from Frederick-Town to Baltimore-Town, and at the Distance of about 25 Miles from Baltimore-Town." - The Maryland Gazette, 1771

1774

"Also one other tract of exceeding good unimproved land in Baltimore county, containing upwards of six hundred acres; this land is well wooded and watered, and has a large quantity of rich meadow ground: it lies about twenty-five miles from Baltimore-town, within half a mile of the main road leading from Frederick to Baltimore, and would make two or more convenient plantations; there is a fine range for stock in that part of the country." - The Maryland Gazette, 1774

1781

There is little timber on the above tracts, except on the main western fork of the western, or Delaware, falls of Patapsco river, where enough may be procured to build tobacco houses; these lands lie near the great main road from Frederick-town to Baltimore, and between 25 and 30 miles from the latter, and in the neighbourhood of the late Mr. Samuel Mansell." - The Maryland Gazette, 1781

1782

"On Thursday the 24th of October next, will be offered to public sale, at Ellicotts upper mills, the subscriber's valubale plantation in Anne-Arundel county, near the main road to Frederick, by way of Ellicotts mills, and within a mile of Poplar-spring chapel." - The Maryland Gazette, 1782

1791 memoir: Red House Tavern

6

Chapter III

The Red-House (maison rouge) is twelve miles from the mill; it is a rather poor tavern, kept by a widow of admirable reserve. She speaks only when it is necessary, and with a laconicism worthy of the unsociable genius of the English language.

They assert in all taverns that they can give you everything, although generally they can offer you only eggs, chicken, ham, and very rarely a weak wine said to come from Lisbon. For

11

The next day we had [unintelligible] in a tavern situated on the left side of the road. It is eight miles from the Red House, and is kept by one of the most respectable families in Maryland.

We had hardly alighted from the carriage, when some little Negroes began chasing some very active chickens, which were to be killed, dipped in boiling water, in order to be plucked more quickly than broiled

178

more and Ellicott, 3; arrives at Red House tavern, 6; arrives at Frederick (Town), 16;

- Travels of a Frenchman in Maryland and Virginia, Ferdinand Marie Bayard, 1791

Air's Ford, Hood's Tavern, Ellicott Upper Mills
Air's Ford mentioned in tract granted to James Hood, 1766

In the year 1766 there was granted to James Hood, wheelwright, under a writ of ad quod damnus, a tract of twenty acres, lying on both sides of Patapsco Falls, "near a place or Ford called Air's Ford" (Chancery Proceedings, Liber D. D. No. 2, f. 5). The land thus condemned was made up of parts of several tracts, including "Hood's Haven," "Cockey's Regulation" and "Baker's Delight. - Maryland Historical Magazine, p248 (1921)

"Gardner's Wading place" noted in a later land certificate, implying Christopher Gardiner's 1719 "Long Discovery" contained a Wading place -- unknown if this is Air's Ford

"Cockey's Regulation" was patented to Thomas Cockey January 30th, 1747, being a resurvey of an unpatented tract called "Long Discovery," which was laid out for Christopher Gardiner in the year 1719. In Barrister Charles Carroll's "Collection of Land Certificates Chiefly in Anne Arundel and Baltimore Counties" we find the following description of "Cockey's Regulation": "beginning at a bounded white oak and a bounded hickory by the falls side (i. e., Patapsco Falls) a little below Gardner's Wading place, the original beginning of Long Discovery." No mention is made of "Gardner's Wading Place" in the original certificate of "Cockey's Regulation." The original certificate of "Long Discovery" (Unpatented Certificates, Baltimore County, No. 913) is mutilated, and the part which described the beginning of the land is missing. It seems quite probable that the wading place was mentioned in the certificate of "Long Discovery." - Maryland HIstorical Magazine, p248 (1921) road opened before 1760; upper mills built by James Hood, 1768; changed ownership Dec. 31, 1774; store built 1775

''Ellicott's Upper Mills, much like Johnnycake Town, had the seeds to become the economic centers that their southern counterparts, Ellicott City and Catonsville, became. But with the construction of the Frederick Turnpike, commerce was relocated to the south, promoting the growth of these newer towns. The ruins of the Upper Mills are long-gone, the last of the ruins destroyed centuries ago by railroad construction. A humble and quaint truss bridge still carries some traffic at the once vital landmark of the journey pioneers took westward.''

"The upper mill was built by James Hood in 1768, but was then only used for grinding corn. It was conveyed to Joseph Ellicott, Andrew Ellicott, Nathaniel Ellicott, John Ellicott, and George Wall, Jr., George being the song of Ann Ellicott, formerly Ann Bye, by George Wall, her second husband. The deed is dated December 31, 1774, and is executed by Benjamin Hood, eldest son and heir at law of James Hood; consideration money seventeen hundred pounds, Maryland currency, equal to about four thousand five hundred dollars in the currency of after years. This property contained one hundred and fifty-seven acres of land, and afterward one hundred and seventy-six acres. The deed provides that the ground where James Hood, the father, was buried should be retained as a family burial ground for his offspring. It was on the low ground north of the mansion; and in after years the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was constructed over it, and obliterated all traces of it.

The mill built by James Hood was torn down, and Joseph Ellicott built another on the site, with all the latest inventions and improvements made by him. The Upper Mills property was more valuable than the Lower Mills. The road, opened previous to 1760 from Baltimore to Frederick, passed by it, and a large store was carried on with the mill. When the new road was constructed, it passed by the Lower Mills, and then that property became the more valuable. In the division of the property the Upper Mills was assigned as the portion of Joseph Ellicott. The family mansion built there by him still remains, and, although it has lost much of its original appearance, traces may yet be seen of what it once was. It had an extensive garden, both useful and ornamental, in which were a fish-pond and constant flowing fountain, throwing the water ten feet high, the water being conveyed to differennt parts of the house and to the garden, from an unfailing spring on the high land west of the mansion. There was placed in the gable end of the house a plain, round clock, fronting the road, for the accommodation of passers-by. The musical clock was in the large hall of the house."

The house is situated on the north side of the road, and west of the Patapsco Falls. The mill and store were between the falls and the house. The store was commenced about the year 1775, and the goods for it were purchased in New York and Philadelphia, and were shipped to Elk Ridge Landing, and then conveyed to the Upper Mills; they were fine dry goods, silks, satins, and brocades; also groceries and other articles of trade. Ladies from Baltimore often took the trouble to ride out, some eleven miles, to make their selections of choice articles, and considered themselves well repaid for so doing. It was also much patronized by the people for miles around."

"The store flourished until 1800, after which it was discontinued, and subsequently not a vestige of the building remained." - Biographical and historical accounts of the Fox, Ellicott, and Evans families, and the different families connected with them, p21-23 (1882)

"Ellicott's Upper Mills began to deprecate in importance, because the owners of Ellicott's Lower Mills succeeded in having the new turnpike road from Baltimore to Frederick pass through their property, thus opening the great wheat country to their mills." - Biographical and historical accounts of the Fox, Ellicott, and Evans families, and the different families connected with them, p24 (1882)

"Attended by a servant (we were all on horseback), we reached her house by a narrow road, which, after crossing the Patapsco a mile above the 'Tarpean Rock', kept close to the bank of that stream until it reached our place of destination." - p25

"After the death of Judith, the Upper Mills property lessened more and more in value, and soon after none of her children remained there." - Biographical and historical accounts of the Fox, Ellicott, and Evans families, and the different families connected with them, p26 (1882) as early as 1760; Hood's Mill built 1761

"The only public roads passable for any wheeled vehicle when the Ellicotts came to Maryland, were those from Frederick to Baltimore, and from Frederick to Annapolis." ... "The road from Frederick to Baltimore passed over the Patapsco, three miles above Ellicott's Mills, at Hollofields. It was used as an outlet for flaxseed and domestic produce of Frederick county as early as 1760." - A Brief Account of the Settlement of Ellicott's Mills, p24 (1865)

"Hood's Mill, some miles above the Vortex, was also built in 1761, but its machinery ground corn only. - A Brief Account of the Settlement of Ellicott's Mills, p33 (1865)

"The first road opened from Frederick to Baltimore passed immediately through Joseph Ellicott's purchase on the Patapsco, and had been a public road before 1760." - A Brief Account of the Settlement of Ellicott's Mills, p55 (1865)

"Roads had been opened from Frederick to Baltimore, passable for wagons laden with freight, as we have said, before 1760" - A Brief Account of the Settlement of Ellicott's Mills, p57 (1865) Ellicott purchased Hood's Mill, 1774

"In 1774 Joseph Ellicott withdrew from the firm and purchased the old Hood Mill at Hollofields. This he tore down and put up another with the latest inventions of his own." ... "Another clock was placed in the gable of his house, to serve as a guide for travelers on their way from Frederick to Baltimore. Over this road that passed Hollofields goods were first carried on pack-horses. It was followed later by immense wagons drawn by eight horses. A glance at Hollofields to-day shows no signs of its past advancement. - The Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties, Maryland, p500, 1905

1768 — Air's Ford

"Ran away from the Subscriber, living near Air's Ford, on the Falls of Patapsco..." - Maryland Gazette, December 30, 1768

--

$36 for 24 barrels of flour down Old Frederick; $18 on Turnpike

"The first proposition was to improve the road leading from Frederick Town to Baltimore. The effect of this improvement on the farming interests of the County would, it was urged, be most beneficial. The distance between Frederick and Baltimore, one advocate said, "is forty-five miles. It rarely happens that wagons in the present state of the roads would perform a trip to Baltimore in six days, but we will consider six days as the time required. Three dollars per day, we are told, is the lowest price at which a wagon can be hired. The loads taken will hardly be found to average twelve barrels of flour; however we will admit them to be twelve barrels. The expense then of transporting twelve barrels of flour from Frederick to Baltimore, will be at the lowest computation $18." - p171, History of Frederick County, Maryland, 1910

"the old Frederick-Town road" - 1811

"the old road leading from Baltimore to Frederick Town" - book p76/p213 (1818)

"the old Baltimore and Frederick road" - book p139 (1818) x

"major road from the west crossed the Patapsco River on its way to the port of Baltimore"

-

LAWS
Passed Apr. 18, 1774: improves principal market roads including Old Frederick

"An Act relating to the Public Roads in Ann Arundle, Baltimore, and Frederick Counties"

"Whereas an improvement of the Principal market roads in the said counties will render the intercourse and carriage between the Parts of this Province distant from Navigation and the Places from whence the produce of those parts are and may be most conveniently exported much easier and Cheaper whereby Trade will be encreased and the settlement cultivation and Improvement of lands will be encouraged and promoted"

"Be it Enacted by the Right Honourable the Lord Proprietary by and with the advice and consent of his Governor and the Upper and lower Houses of Assembly and the Authority of the same that Part of the Bills of Credit to be Emitted by virtue of the Act entitled an Act for emitting bills of Credit and applying part thereof and by the same act appropriated for loan to the Inhabitants of Ann Arundle County as such not exceeding two Thousand dollars shall be and are hereby appropriated for loan to [Ann] Arundel County That Part of the Bills of Credit to be emitted by virtue of the same Act and by the said Act appropriated for loan to the Inhabitants of Baltimore County as such not Exceeding Ten Thousand Six hundred and sixty Dollars and two Third parts of a Dollar shall be and are hereby Appropriated for loan to Baltimore County and that Part of the Bills of Credit to be emitted by virtue of the said Act and by the same act appropriated for loan to the Inhabitants of Frederick County as such not exceeding eight Thousand Dollars shall be and are hereby appropriated for loan to Frederick County and shall be laid out and expended in opening Streightning widening repairing and putting in good Order the roads herein after mentioned that is to say ... the road from Fredrick Town leading over Rue's ford on Monocasy and crossing Patuxint river at Green's bridge to Annapolis the road from Fredrick Town leading over the said ford on Monocasy and crossing Potapsco at or near Hood's Mill to Baltimore Town a road - 394 Assembly Proceedings, March 23-April 19, 1774., p1-2

Passed ~1782/83: creates road from a mill to Old Frederick Road

"An ACT for laying out a road from Philip Shoal's mill, in Baltimore county, until it intersects the main road leading from Frederick-town to Baltimore-town, between Mansell's and Hood's tavern, in Anne-Arundel county.

WHEREAS it is represented to this general assembly, by the petition of sundry inhabitants of Anne-Arundel and Baltimore counties, that they labour under great inconvenience, for want of a waggon road from Philip Shoal's mill to the main road leading from Frederick-town to Baltimore-town; and it appearing reasonable to grant the petition;

II. Be it enacted, by the general assembly of Maryland, That John Hood, Nicholas Dorsey, and Philemon Dorsey, or any two of them, be and are hereby appointed commissioners, and are hereby authorised to lay off a waggon road, twenty feet wide, from the said Philip Shoal's mill, in Baltimore county aforesaid, until it intersects the main road leading from Frederick-town to Baltimore-town, between Mansell's and Hood's tavern, in Anne-Arundel county; which said road, when laid out, shall be a public road." - Laws of Maryland, Made Since M,DCC,LXIII, p87

- Passed November 1792: makes Old Frederick Road public

"An ACT to establish the road from Baltimore-town towards Frederick-town, by Ellicott's upper mills, as far as the Poplar Spring, as a public road, and for other purposes therein mentioned. Lib. JG. No. 1. fol. 602.

WHEREAS sundry inhabitants of Baltimore, Anne-Arundel and Frederick counties, by their humble petition to this general assembly, have set forth, that from time immemorial there hath been a road leading from Baltimore-town to the town of Frederick by Dillon's Field, Ellicott's upper mills, Cumming's new buildings, Fox's, the Red House tavern, Cook's tavern, and the Poplar spring, and that it never having been made a public road by law, they are deprived of the benefit and utility of the same, to their great injury and inconvenience, by its not being established a public road aforesaid; and the prayer of the said petitioners appearing to this general assembly to be reasonable; therefore, [Preamble]

II. BE IT ENACTED, by the General Assembly of Maryland, That the aforesaid road leading from Baltimore-town towards the town of Frederick, by the aforesaid places, as far as the Poplar spring, be, and the same is hereby declared, deemed and taken to be, a public road for ever, any law to the contrary in anywise notwithstanding. [Road deemed public, etc.]

III. Commissioners appointed, etc., IV. Proviso, V. Road to be kept in repair, etc." - The Laws of Maryland: 1785-1799, p103

-- Passed December 22, 1792: creates road from mill to Old Frederick Road

"An ACT to lay out and open a road to and from the mills of Joshua Askew, on the main falls of Patapsco river, in Anne-Arundel county. Lib. JG. No. 1. fol. 606.

WHEREAS Joshua Askew, by his petition to this general assembly, hath set forth, that he has erected large and commodious grist and fulling mills on the main falls of Patapsco river, and prayed that a law might pass to lay out, open and establish, a public road from the road leading from Frederick-town to the town of Baltimore, by Ellicott's upper mills, to commence at the aforesaid main road at or about David Cumming's new buildings, and from thence to his said mills, and from his mills again unto the aforesaid main road leading to Baltimore-town; to intersect it at about two miles westward of Ellicott's upper mills; and the prayer of the said petitioner being thought reasonable, [Preamble]

II. BE IT ENACTED, by the General Assembly of Maryland, That Charles Fox, Joseph Evans and John Cord, or any two of them, be and they are hereby appointed commissioners to survey, lay out and open, at the expence of the said Joshua Askew, a road not exceeding twenty feet in width, in such direction as they shall conceive will best answer the purposes of this act, from the road leading from Frederick-town to Baltimore-town, to the mills of the said Joshua Askew, on the main falls of Patapsco, and thence to intersect the aforesaid road to Baltimore-town; and the said road, when so surveyed, laid out and opened, and the valuation herein after directed to be made shall have taken place, shall be recorded in Anne-Arundel county court, and shall be deemed and taken to be a public road for ever thereafter. [Commissioners appointed, &c]" - The Laws of Maryland: 1785-1799, p105

Passed January 20, 1798: makes Old Frederick Road private

"An ACT to open a road from Pratt-street extended, through the lands of James Carroll, till it intersects the road to Elk-Ridge Landing, and to shut up and stop all those parts of the old Frederick and Garrison roads therein mentioned.

BE IT ENACTED, by the General Assembly of Maryland, That William Hammond, Cornelius Howard and James Baker, or any two of them, be commissioners to lay off a road from Pratt-street Extended, across the lands of James Carroll, at the expence of the said James Carroll, to the road leading to Elk-Ridge Landing, thirty feet wide, and to return a plot of the same to Baltimore county court, which shall for ever thereafter be deemed and taken to be a public road.

II. AND BE IT ENACTED, That when the road aforesaid is laid out and opened, that then all that part of the old Frederick road near the city of Baltimore, on the lands of the Baltimore company and James Carroll, which branches from the road leading from the city of Baltimore to Elk-Ridge Landing, and afterwards unites with the Frederick turnpike road, about one hundred and eighty perches westwardly of Gwinn's falls, be stopped and shut up, and hereafter not considered as a public road.

III. AND BE IT ENCACTED, That all that part of the old Garrison road running on the land of the said James Carroll, to the southward of the Frederick turnpike road, be and is also stopped and shut up, and hereafter is not to be considered a public road." - The Laws of Maryland: 1785-1799, p47

Passed January 3, 1800: creates road leading from mill to Old Frederick Road

"WHEREAS it appears by the petition of Andrew Gore and James Cooper to this general assembly, that they labour under great inconvenience for want of a road from their mill to the road leading from Elias Brown's plantation to Elk-Ridge Landing, and a road from the said mill to intersect the old road leading from the city of Baltimore to Frederick-town, at or near John Cord's blacksmith shop, in Anne-Arundel county; and this general assembly thinking the prayer of said petition reasonable, [Preamble]

II. BE IT ENACTED, by the General Assembly of Maryland, That Thomas Buiseman, Orlando G. Dorsey, Johnsa Dorsey, Vachel Dorsey, of Vachel, and Henry Cord, or any three of them, be and they are hereby appointed commissioners to survey, lay out and open, at the expence of the said Andrew Gore and James Cooper, a road, not exceeding thirty feet wide, in such direction as the situation of the ground will admit, from Andrew Gore and James Cooper's mill, in Baltimore county, to intersect the road leading from Elias Brown's plantation to Elk-Ridge Landing, and to lay out a road from the said Gore and Cooper's mill to intersect the old road leading from the city of Baltimore to Frederick-town, at or near John Cord's blacksmith's shop, in Anne-Arundel county, and the said roads, when so surveyed, laid out and opened, and the valuation herein after directed to be made shall have taken place, shall be recorded in Baltimore county court, and shall be deemed and taken to be public roads for ever thereafter; provided, that nothing herein contained shall be conflrued to authorise the levy courts of Baltimore and Anne-Arundel counties to apply any part of the money levied in said counties to the repairs of the said roads, or of either of them. [Commissioners appointed, &c] - [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Laws_of_the_State_of_Maryland/wt9JAQAAMAAJ? The Laws of Maryland: 1785-1799], p62

Frederick Road
"There being no road to Baltimore from the Ellicott Mills, the firm built a road at their own expense from Doughoregan Manor, the Carroll estate, through the Ellicotts' Mill settlement, to Baltimore. The road later continued to Frederick, Md." (1926)

"Tyson also noted that the Ellicotts built a road from their mills to Baltimore and another from their mills to Doughoregan Manor some time after 1774. They extended the road to Carroll's Manor on the Monocacy, in Frederick County, with farmers along the route paying part of the expense." -

-- Passed May 21, 1787: creates Frederick Turnpike

"An ACT to lay out several turnpike roads in Baltimore county. Lib. TBH. No. B. fol. 223."

"WHEREAS the public roads leading from Baltimore-town to the western parts of this state, by means of the great number of waggons that use the same, are rendered almost impassable during the winter season, and the ordinary method of repairing the said roads is not only insufficient, but exceedingly burthensome; and the establishment of several turnpike roads in the said county would greatly reduce the price of land carriage, of produce and merchandise, and raise the value of the land in the said county, and considerably increase the commerce of the state; [Preamble]

II. BE IT ENACTED, by the General Assembly of Maryland, That John Ellicott, Edward Norwood and Thomas Hollingsworth, and any two of them, shall be and are hereby appointed commissioners to examine, survey, lay out and mark, a public road from Baltimore-town towards Frederick-town, in Frederick county, to the line of Baltimore county, sixty-six feet wide, and on as streight a line from Baltimore-town to Frederick-town as the nature of the country will permit; and the said commissioners are to consider not only the distance but the situation and goodness of the ground on which the said road is to pass; provided, that the said road shall not be carried through any building, orchard, garden or yard, without the consent of the owner or possessor thereof. [A road to be laid out from Baltimore towards Frederick-town, &c]" - The Laws of Maryland: 1785-1799, p22

--

"In 1787 the Maryland State Legislature authorized Baltimore County to operate several turnpike roads from Baltimore because the existing roads to the west were in deplorable condition. One of these was the road to Frederick, though the county only had control of it to the Anne Arundel County (present-day Howard County) line. The Ellicotts assembled a petition "to examine and straighten the present road from Baltimore to Frederick-Town, by Ellicott's upper mills" in 1792, and a law was passed that year to that effect. The new road is shown on Dennis Griffith's Map of the State of Maryland, of 1794, but the surveys of the western shore that were taken to make this map were apparently made in 1792, so the road shown may reflect good intentions more than reality. The 1797 D. F. Sotzmann map, Maryland und Delaware, is apparently based on the Griffith map, so it, too, may not reflect the actual situation of the road. Even this portion of the turnpike in Baltimore County was apparently not completed, so in 1805 the Baltimore and Fredericktown Turnpike Company, a private company incorporated by the legislature, was created to complete and operate the turnpike. This insured that the road would be constructed beyond Baltimore County. Joseph Scott reported in 1807: "The great western turnpike which leads from Baltimore, by Ellicott's Lower Mills, Fredericktown .. . has been begun, and twenty miles of it completed from the City of Baltimore. It is expected that during the ensuing summer, it will be finished as far as Fredericktown, which is forty-five miles on the turnpike." According to Albert Gallatin's report on internal improvements, 37 of the 62 miles of the Baltimore and Frederick Turnpike had either been completed or were under construction by 1807, and the road probably reached Cooksville by 1808, though the area was not yet known by that name. It therefore seems likely that Roberts Inn did not exist before 1808, with additions probably made in rather quick succession in the 1810s and 1820s. Nor is the date of the creation of the Washington Turnpike known, though it is not likely that it dates before 1800, since the location of the city was not decided upon until 1790 and the government did not move there until 1800. Neither the Griffith map nor the Sotzmann map shows the turnpike to Westminster (Route 97), which seems to be illustrated first on Fielding Lucas' A Map of the State of Maryland, published in 1841." -

"Immediately after the introduction of turnpike roads, (the turnpike from Baltimore to Frederick having been commenced in 1805,) carriages were brought into everyday use, and riding on horseback, except for pleasure or recreation, was therefore unnecessary." - A Brief Account of the Settlement of Ellicott's Mills, p24 (1865)

Passed December 22, 1790:

Passed December 24, 1795: Describes new bridge built by Ellicotts at the lower mills, and for the bridge and the road leading to it to become part of the new turnpike

"An ACT making a temporary alteration in the turnpike road directed to be laid out from Baltimore-town towards Frederick-town. Lib. JG. No. 2. fol. 277.

WHEREAS it appears to this general assembly, that sometime in the month of May last the public bridge over the falls of Patapsco, on the old road leading from Baltimore-town to Frederick-town, by way of Ellicott's lower mills, being decayed was broken down and destroyed, in consequence of which, waggons and other carriages, as well as travellers, at all times met with considerable difficulty and danger in crossing the falls, which, in times of freshes, were entirely impassable; that application was made to the comissioners of review of the turnpike roads in Baltimore county to build a bridge over the said falls where the turnpike road is laid out to cross the Patapsco, a small distance below the place where the old bridge stood, which they declined, their funds being insufficient: And whereas it also appears, that Messrs Ellicott and company undertook to erect, and have actually erected, a strong and substantial bridge over the said falls at the place where the old bridge crosses, and that the difference in distance is no more than twenty-two perches, and that the same was built at a much less expence than a bridge equally strong and substantial could be built over the falls where the new road is intended to cross;

II. BE IT ENACTED, by the General Assembly of Maryland, That the commissioners of review of the turnpike roads in Baltimore county, or a majority of them, be and they are hereby authorised and required, as soon as may be, to appoint two or more skilful and disinterested persons to make a valuation of the expence of building the said bridge, and to pay the amount thereof to the said Ellicott and company, out of the funds appropriated to defray the expence of making turnpike roads in Baltimore county.

III. AND BE IT ENACTED, That the said bridge, and the old road from said bridge to the place where it intersects that part of the turnpike road already opened and made, shall, after the passing this act, be deemed and considered as a part of the said turnpike road leading from Baltimore-town towards Frederick-town, and that the old road from the west end of the bridge to place where it intersects the new road, as laid out from the west end of the turnpike road towards Frederick-town, shall be deemed and considered as a part of the public main road leading from Baltimore-town to Frederick-town, until the turnpike road shall be opened and made, and the bridge built across the said falls by the said commissioners of review, as laid out and intended by certain commissioners, under the act to lay out several turnpike roads in Baltimore county." - [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Laws_of_the_State_of_Maryland/wt9JAQAAMAAJ? The Laws of Maryland: 1785-1799], p20

-- "The Baltimore and Frederick turnpike was the first road of the kind projected in Maryland, and Jonathan Ellicott was its originator, in 1797." - Biographical and historical accounts of the Fox, Ellicott, and Evans families, and the different families connected with them, p40 (1882)

-- "... the turnpike from Baltimore to Frederick having been commenced in 1805 ..." - History, Possessions and Prospects of the Maryland Historical Society, p23 (1867)

-- "The Ellicotts by their enterprise changed the travel, after 1805, to the present bed of the pike." - The Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties, Maryland, p499, 1905

Indian roads
traceable until 1828 in Lower Mills area

"Within a short distance from the river, and immediately opposite to the mills, was a spring of cool soft water in the midst of a grove of great trees. Of this spring the early emigrants transmitted a tradition that the Indians used to pitch their tents near it, when they came down from the upland country to fish, in the spring of the year. Shad and herring were taken in large quantities as high up the Patapsco as Elysville, until mill-damns obstructed their passage. Paths, worn by the footsteps of the red people of many generations, were clearly traceable in the vicinity until 1828, and stone tomahawks, stone axes, and arrow points were also found there." - Biographical and historical accounts of the Fox, Ellicott, and Evans families, and the different families connected with them, p22-23 (1882)

Rolling roads
""Rolling roads" were also common, and were opened for the transit of tobacco hogsheads, (by the planters who did not live on navigable streams,) from their lands, to Elkridge Landing, and elsewhere; Elkridge Landing was the favorable depot of the planters of Elkridge and Upton, from whence their tobacco was taken in vessels of light draft, sometimes directly to London, at other times to Annapolis, or to Joppa." - A Brief Account of the Settlement of Ellicott's Mills, p24 (1865)

"In order to pass the tobacco hogsheads safely over the "rolling roads," it was necessary that they should be made and hooped in the strongest manner; the tobacco after being dried and stripped from the stems was packed tightly in the hogsheads, and "headed" up; these were then rolled over and over by two men to each hogshead, to the place of shipment. The "rolling roads" were generally of a round about description, from the necessity of avoiding hills, and though long out of use, could be distinctly traced on Elkridge, after 1820. Several roads of this description are still distinguishable in Harford county." - A Brief Account of the Settlement of Ellicott's Mills, p25 (1865)

Pierpoint/Pierpont family
"When the Ellicotts came to Maryland, they were at once receieved by a body of Friends who had a meeting-house at Elkridge, about a mile from Illchester, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. They attended the meetings twice a week. The Friends of the neighborhood were the Pierponts, the Haywards, the Reads, and others." - Biographical and historical accounts of the Fox, Ellicott, and Evans families, and the different families connected with them, p38 (1882)

"When they came to Ellicott's Mills the Quakers had a meeting-house near Elk Ridge Landing, about a mile from Ilchester. The Pierpoints, Haywards, Reads and Ellicotts were members." - The Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties, Maryland, p499 (1905)

Maps

 * 1907 - https://www.newspapers.com/clip/100033080/the-baltimore-sun/
 * 1921 - https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94262952/the-evening-sun/

Quotes
"Every cross-road had its wayside inn for the accommodation of the almost unbroken travel of the two decades from 1820 to 1840. - The Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties, Maryland, p499, 1905