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George F. Mahl (1917-2006), age 88. George F. Mahl, was a psychoanalyst and a Yale University professor emeritus of psychology. His major research contribution dealt with the expression of emotions and thought in speech and body movements. He was a pioneer in research on the relationship between transitory anxiety and disruptions in speech. Mahl's research ranged from physiological psychology to clinical research in the process of psychotherapy and psychoanalysis.

expression of emotions and thought in speech and body movements.[Reflection of major personality characteristics in gestures and body movements, by Mahl, G. F., Danet, B., & Norton, N.  American Psychology, 1959, 14, 357. Abstract.][Gestures and body movements in interviews, by George F. Mahl. In J. M. Shlien (Ed.), Research in psychotherapy, 3. Washington, D. C.: American Psychological Association, 1968.] [Sensory factors in the control of expressive behavior, by George F. Mahl,  Acta Psychologica, 1961, 19, 497–98. CrossRef] [Body Movement, Ideation, and Verbalization During Psychoanalysis by George F. Mahl  (  Communicative Structures and Psychic Structures  Editors: Norbert Freedman, Stanley Grand ISBN: 978-1-4757-0494-5   The Downstate Series of Research in Psychiatry and Psychology Volume 1, 1977, pp 291-310 ) (__http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-0492-1_13  ) ] Paul Ekman cited him: [1972	Hand Movements  by  Paul Ekman, Wallace V. Friesen,  Journal of Communication, Volume 22, Issue 4, December 1972, Pages 353–374, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1972.tb00163.x    Published: 07 February 2006 https://academic.oup.com/joc/article-abstract/22/4/353/4560829   Abstract A revision of our theoretically based classification of nonverbal behavior is presented, as it relates to the interpretation and measurement of hand movements. On the basis of the origins, usage and coding of the behavior distinctions are drawn and hypotheses offered about three classes of behavior: emblems, illustrators and adaptors. Findings from our own cross-cultural studies, our studies of psychiatric patients, and our studies of deceptive interactions, together with research by Kumin and Lazar, and a study by Harrison and Cohen are summarized to demonstrate the utility of this classification of hand movements. The differences between our formulation and those proposed by Freedman and Hoffman, Mahl, and Rosenfeld are discussed. ] and [1977	MAHL  EKMAN  pub refs: in   >     https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2ab3/77af6b301af83133717c23ff2cea3294ba47.pdf Nonverbal Cues for Anxiety: An Examination of Emotional Leakage by Peter H. Waxer,  York University, Downsview, Ontario, Canada,   Journal of Abnormal Psychology  1977, Vol. 86, No. 3, 306-314 [ref to 1968	Mahl, G.F.  Gestures and body movements in interviews. In J. Schlien (Ed.), Research in psychotherapy (Vol.3). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, 1968]

Um....Ah....pause He was credited with being the first to systematically investigate everyday disturbances of speech.[THINK TANK;     Just Like, Er, Words, Not, Um, Throwaways - New …..Around the same time a psychiatrist at Yale, George Mahl, counted uhs and nine other speech disfluencies in order to measure a person's ….... January 3, 2004 - By MICHAEL ERARD - Arts - Article - Print Headline: "THINK TANK, Just Like, Er, Words, Not, Um,  ] Most of that research focused on the relationship of transitory anxiety and such speech disruptions. A selection of his papers about speech and body movements was assembled in his 1987 book, "Explorations in Nonverbal and Vocal Behavior ." Late in life he learned that his research on speech brought him international recognition as one of the pioneers in establishing a new area of linguistic research now called dysfluencies. Mark Twain 1987	Tom Sawyer in Explorations in NonVerbal Behavior. Further papers on Huckleberry Finn [pub: ____] and Puddn'head Wilson(unpublished). ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Anxiety Conflict and Defense He was a pioneer in research on the relationship between transitory anxiety and disruptions in speech.[Everyday Disturbances of Speech  by George F. Mahl in Language in Psychotherapy (1987, Series Title:  Emotions, Personality, and Psychotherapy 1987, pp 213-269  Ed Robert L. Russell   Print ISBN  978-1-4899-0498-0. This chapter concerns one of the extralinguistic dimensions of speech, the “roughness” or “influency” or “normal disturbances” in word-word progression.] [Psychological Conflict and Defense by George F. Mahl, 1971, Harcourt Brace.]  [Measuring the patient's anxiety during interviews from “expressive” aspects of his speech  by George F. Mahl   Article first published online: 30 APR 2012,  DOI: 10.1111/j.2164-0947.1959.tb00671.x     1959 The New York Academy of Sciences.  Issue Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences   Volume 21, Issue 3 Series II, pages 249–257, January 1959. This paper was presented at a meeting of the Section on November 17, 1958. The research involved was supported by Research Grant M-1052 from the National Institute of Mental Health, Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md. and from onlinelibrary.wiley.com: DIVISION OF PSYCHOLOGY] [5. P. G. Zimbardo, G. F. Mahl, J. W. Barnard, THE MEASUREMENT OF SPEECH DISTURBANCE IN ANXIOUS CHILDREN J Speech Hear Disord, 28, 362-70 (1963)] [ 8. F. Auld, G. F. Mahl, A comparison of the DRQ with ratings of emotion J Abnorm Psychol, 53(3), 386-8 (1956) 9.	S. V. Kasl, G. F. Mahl, A simple device for obtaining certain verbal activity measures during interviews J Abnorm Psychol, 53(3), 388-90 (1956) 10.	R. Lamb, G. F. Mahl, Manifest reactions of patients and interviewers to the use of sound recording in the psychiatric interview Am J Psychiatry, 112(9), 731-7 (1956) ] [12.	G. F. Mahl, J. Dollard, F. C. Redlich, Facilities for the sound recording and observation of interviews Science, 120(3111), 235-9 (1954)] [Disturbances and silences in the patient's speech in psychotherapy. MAHL GF. J Abnorm Psychol. 1956 Jul;53(1):1-15. No abstract available. PMID: 13345560 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] His major research contribution, however, dealt with the expression of emotions and thought in speech and body movements, primarily in psychotherapeutic and psychoanalytic interviews. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Freud He was a noted teacher on the life and work of Sigmund Freud. [1987	NOVA Freud Under Analysis.] Peter Gay correspondence and acknowledgements in his own book Sigmund Freud  ______ One step from Freud. Yale, its Institute of Human Relations, and the WNEIP, held a group of scholars, many one step from Freud. In his WNEIP analytic training one of his didactic analysts was Fritz Redlich; Marianne Kris supervised one of his training analyses; his courses there, taught at both RIGGS and in New Haven, were taught by Robert Knight, Sam Ritvo, William Pious, Richard Karpe. All had direct connections to Freud. Among the Yale colleagues also with ties to Freud were Seymour Lustman, ____________ _______. Anna Freud at RIGGS, at the Yale Child Study Center, and at WNEIP. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Father and Sons: Father-Son Themes in Freud’s Self Analysis, in Father and Child: Developmental and Clinical Perspectives  edited by Stanley H. Cath, Alan R. Gurwitt, John M. Ross  http://www.freud.org.uk/archive/62343/detail/  Publisher: Little; Brown and Company,  Boston 1982. Fathers and sons: Source material (JSAS document) Unknown Binding – January 1, 1974 by George F Mahl    American Psychological Association (1974)   ASIN: B0006YOK5G.]  [1. R. D. Fallot, G. F. Mahl, Imitation in the family: a study of older parents and their adult sons Int J Aging Hum Dev, 7(1), 1-14 (1976)]. He later was pleased to exchange correspondence with Anna Freud ______________ on Freud's __________________. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ peptic ulcer etiology He discovered that chronic, but not acute, fear increased hydrochloric acid secretion in dogs, monkeys and humans. [13.	G. F. Mahl, Physiological changes during chronic fear Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 56(2), 240-9 (1953)] [14. G. F. Mahl, Effect of chronic fear on the gastric secretion of HCL in dogs Psychosom Med, 11(1), 30-44 15.	G. F. Mahl, Anxiety, HCl secretion, and peptic ulcer etiology Psychosom Med, 12(3), 158-69 16.	G. F. Mahl, Relationship between acute and chronic fear and the gastric acidity and blood sugar levels in Macaca mulatta monkeysPsychosom Med, 14(3), 182-210 17.	G. F. Mahl, R. Karpe, Emotions and hydrochloric acid secretion during psychoanalytic hours Psychosom Med, 15(4), 312-27 18.	G. F. Mahl, A. Rothenberg, J. M. Delgado, H. Hamlin, PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSES IN THE HUMAN TO INTRACEREBRAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION Psychosom Med, 26, 337-68

[The author's interest in feedback is an old one. As mentioned in chapter 7 (fn. 2), his first publication concerned a technique for providing visible signs of muscular activity (Snodgrass & Mahl, 1941). And during the early 95O's he explored the effect of playing back to patients tape recordings of their psychotherapy interviews. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Oberlin and Raymond H. Stetson Mahl dedicated his book Explorations in Nonverbal and Vocal Behavior to his professor and mentor at Oberlin College. In his unpublished correspondence he states: [see 1941 Snodgrass & Mahl],( The author's interest in feedback is an old one. As mentioned in chapter 7 (fn. 2), his first publication concerned a technique for providing visible signs of muscular activity. (Snodgrass & Mahl, 1941) from experiments at Oberlin.) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

In addition to two other books, Mahl was the author or co-author of over 50 papers. He continued to write scholarly articles following his retirement. His writings were widely reprinted, and some were translated into German, Italian and Japanese. Born November 27, 1917, in Akron, Ohio, Mahl graduated from Oberlin College in 1939, where he also earned his master's degree in psychology in 1941. His graduate work in psychology at Yale was interrupted by his enlistment and four years of military service during World War II. He received his Ph.D. from Yale University in 1948. He later completed training in psychoanalysis at the Western New England Institute for Psychoanalysis, from which he graduated in 1962. Mahl was a member of Yale's faculty from 1947 to his retirement in 1988. He held joint appointments in the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, with his primary appointment in the former. The Yale Psychiatric Alumni Association presented him with its Distinguished Service Award in 1995. Mahl also served on the faculty of the Western New England Institute for Psychoanalysis for 25 years, and was its president 1972-1974. The Western New England Psychoanalytic Society awarded him its Founder Teaching Prize in 2002. From 1963 to 1964, he was a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences in Palo Alto, California. He was also awarded fellowships and grants by the foundation's Fund for Research in Psychiatry and the National Institute of Mental Health. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A fly-fishing enthusiast, Mahl delivered food parcels to the needy for Fish of New Haven, and he became a dedicated tutor of English as a second language for Literacy Volunteers. He read widely on the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln, slavery and the Constitution, and he occasionally wrote essays on these topics. His paper "The Use of the word God in the Presidential Inaugurals". In his mid-80's, he began learning to sing. As a result he compiled several song medleys, which he frequently presented at student recitals at the Neighborhood Music School in New Haven. The week he died he sent off his last paper, "Freud and Hamlet" (unpublished). His wife of over 50 years, Martha, died in 2001. He is survived by his daughter Barbara Mahl of Roanoke, Virginia, and three grandchildren. Mahl prepared his own obituary shortly before his death, and later he added the biblical quotation: "Vanities of vanities! All is vanity. A generation goes, another generation comes but the earth remains forever. The people of long ago are not remembered, nor will there be any remembrance of people yet to come by those who come after them. There is a time to be born and a time to die." As he made his final exit, he said, "I have had my turn." http://archives.news.yale.edu/v34.n23/story13.html __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ President WNEIP 1972-1974

Awards: Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California, from 1963 to 1964. Distinguished Service Award from The Yale Psychiatric Alumni Association in 1995. Founder Teaching Prize from The Western New England Psychoanalytic Society in 2002.

Member: WNEIP ____ to _____. IPTAR ______. Books Explorations in Nonverbal and Vocal Behavior Conflict and Defense Father and Child: Developmental and Clinical Perspectives, Father-Son Themes in Freud’s Self Analysis, in Father and Child: Developmental and Clinical Perspectives   edited by Stanley H. Cath, Alan R. Gurwitt, John M. Ross  http://www.freud.org.uk/archive/62343/detail/  Publisher: Little; Brown and Company,  Boston 1982. _____________________________________________________________________________ Author or co-author of over 50 papers

He was credited with being one of the first to systematically investigate everyday disturbances of speech. A selection of his papers about speech and body movements was assembled in his 1987 book, "Explorations in Nonverbal and Vocal Behavior". In his early experiments he discovered that chronic, but not acute, fear increased hydrochloric acid secretion in dogs, monkeys and humans.