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Takhtajan System of Classification:-

Armen Leonovich Takhtajan or Takhtajian (Russian: Армен Леонович Тахтаджян; surname also transliterated Takhtadjan or Takhtadzhian) (June 10, 1910 – November 13, 2009), was a Soviet-Armenian botanist, one of the most important figures in 20th century plant evolution and systematics and biogeography. His other interests included morphology of flowering plants, paleobotany, and the flora of the Caucasus. He was born in Shusha.

Takhtajan worked at the Komarov Botanical Institute in Leningrad, where he developed his 1940 classification scheme for flowering plants, which emphasized phylogenetic relationships between plants. His system did not become known to botanists in the West until after 1950, and in the late 1950s he began a correspondence and collaboration with the prominent American botanist Arthur Cronquist, whose plant classification scheme was heavily influenced by his collaboration with Takhtajan and other botanists at Komarov.

The "Takhtajan system" of flowering plant classification treats flowering plants as a division (phylum), Magnoliophyta, with two classes, Magnoliopsida (dicots) and Liliopsida (monocots). These two classes are subdivided into subclasses, and then superorders, orders, and families. The Takhtajan system is similar to the Cronquist system, but with somewhat greater complexity at the higher levels. He favors smaller orders and families, to allow character and evolutionary relationships to be more easily grasped. The Takhtajan classification system remains influential; it is used, for example, by the Montréal Botanical Garden.

Takhtajan also developed a system of floristic regions.

Takhtajan was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as a foreign associate of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences since 1971. He was also the academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR, the president of the Soviet All-Union Botanical Society (1973) and the International Association for Plant Taxonomy (1975), member of the Finnish Academy of Science and Literature (1971), the German Academy of Naturalists "Leopoldina" (1972) and other scientific societies.

In 1932 he graduated from the Soviet (All-Union) Institute of Subtropical Crops (Tbilisi). In 1938-48 he headed a Department at the Yerevan State University, in 1944-48- director of the Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR, Professor of the Leningrad State University. He is chiefly famous as the author of works on the origins of flowering plants and paleobotanics, developing a new classification system of higher plants. He worked on the "Flora of Armenia" (vol. 1-6, 1954-73) and "Fossil flowering plants of the USSR "(v. 1, 1974) books.

A system of plant taxonomy, the Takhtajan system of plant classification was published by Armen Takhtajan, in several versions from the 1950s onwards. It is usually compared to the Cronquist system. It admits paraphyletic groups. Key publications:

A. Takhtajan (in Russian, 1967). A system and phylogeny of the flowering plants. A. Takhtajan (1969, transl. from Russian by C. Jeffrey). Flowering plants: origin and dispersal. A. Takhtajan (1980). "Outline of the classification of flowering plants (Magnoliophya)". Botanical Review 46 (3): 225–359. doi:10.1007/BF02861558. A. Takhtajan (2009). Flowering plants, 2nd ed.The 'Takhtajan System' of flowering plant classification (Armen Takhtajan. 1997. Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants) treats flowering plants as as a division or phylum (Magnoliophyta) with two classes (monocots and dicots) which are organized into Subclasses. Higher level organization is similar to the Cronquist System, but a bit more complex. However, Takhtajan uses the Superorder as the basic unit of the Subclass and this pattern of organization is also used in the Thorne System of flowering plant classification. Magnoliopsida (Dicots) 	Liliopsida (Monocots) Magnoliidae Liliidae Nymphaeidae Commelinidae Nelumbonidae Arecidae Ranunculidae Alismatidae Caryophyllidae Triurididae Hamamelididae Aridae Dilleniidae Rosidae Cornidae Asteridae Lamiidae