User:Mhhossein/background (2014 Gaza conflict)

2005 withdrawal
In the view of The Guardian, the roots of the conflict go back to Ariel Sharon's unilateral withdrawal of Israeli settlements from Gaza in 2005, which, it is argued, was a tactical measure to both gain concessions on the West Bank and postpone a final peace settlement with the Palestinian National Authority, thereby weakening it. Exercising a form of 'occupation by remote control, ' Israel retained control of Gaza's borders, its coastal waters, and the movement of Gazans, leaving them without any freedom, and hence strengthening the PLO’s more militant rivals. Finally, Hamas, which felt less pressure after the disengagement went on to win the 2006 Palestinian legislative elections and the conflicts originates from this group's coup of 2007 as a stage for the periodic confrontations.

2008
A six-month lull in violence was brokered by Egypt to which both Israel and Palestinian factions in Gaza agreed on 19 June 2018. The agreement led to mostly haltering of rocket fire from Gaza. Hamas even warned to capture anyone who violate the truce. The other side, however, never fulfilled its reported agreement to ease the blockade and violated the truce by entering deep into the Gaza Strip killing at least six members of Hamas, on 4 November 2008. Israel claimed the attack was done to quell an immediate threat by avoiding the abductions from a tunnel dug near the Gaza-Israel border, and hence was not a violation of the cease-fire. Further conflicts was almost stopped by a unilaterally declared cease-fire on 17 January 2009 by Israel which was followed by a separate cease-fire declared by Hamas and Islamic Jihad.

2011 (First Hamas-Fatah reconciliation)
Influenced by the Arab Spring, the gap between Hamas and Fatah was bridged in 2011. Reconciliation talks was accelerated by demonstrations in Ramallah and Gaza. Two Hamas activists in Gaza were killed by IDF when Mahmoud Abbas declared his willingness to travel to Gaza and sign an agreement, although it was claimed to be a response to the launching of a single Qassam rocket, which hit no one. In an interview with CNN, Benjamin Netanyahu declared that the reconciliation talks calls for Israel's destruction and strongly opposed the unity government idea.

2012
Sporadic fire exchange continued between 2009 and 2012. But, on 14 November 2012, a member of Hamas' military wing was assassinated by Israel during "Operation Pillar of Defense" which was claimed to be a response to recent increase in rocket fire from Gaza, while the other side said the rocket fire was in response to siege of Gaza. In 2012, Egypt brokered a cease-fire which was violated some days later by Israel.

Second Hamas-Fatah reconciliation
According to Al Jazeera, Israel hopes to disenfranchise the Palestinian national unity government between Fatah and Hamas by this assault. On 23 April 2014, Hamas agreed to a reconciliation deal with the other main Palestinian faction, Fatah following seven years of division. The Palestinian unity government was sworn in by 2 June 2014 and Israel announced it would not negotiate any peace deal with the new government and would push punitive measures. Declaring this unity will "strengthen terrorism" a day before the agreement, Benjamin Netanyahu said: "The international community must not embrace it." The European Union, the United Nations, the United States, China, India, Russia and Turkey all agreed to work with the Palestinian unity government. The agreement was likely to have a significant impact on the current round of peace talks between Mahmoud Abbas' Palestinian Authority and Israel, and shortly after the announcement of the agreement, Israel launched an airstrike in the northern Gaza Strip that injured four people, according to medical officials. Netanyahu had warned before the deal it would be incompatible with Israeli–Palestinian peace and that Abbas has to choose between peace with Hamas and peace with Israel. When a reconciliation deal was signed opening the way to the appointment of the new government, Netanyahu chaired a security cabinet in which they voted to authorise Netanyahu to impose unspecified sanctions against the Palestinian Authority. According to The Forward, Brigadier General Moti Almoz, the chief spokesman of the Israeli military, said: "We have been instructed by the political echelon to hit Hamas hard."

Immediate events
The operation follows a chain of events that began with the abduction of three Israeli teenagers Naftali Fraenkel (16; who held dual US-Israeli citizenship), Gilad Shaer (16) and Eyal Yifrah (19) in the West Bank in June 2014, for which Israel blamed Hamas. The IDF stated that the two men Israel suspects of having kidnapped the teenagers were known members of Hamas, No evidence of Hamas involvement has been offered by the Israeli authorities and high-ranking members of Hamas have denied the group had any involvement in the incident; The alleged murderers come from the Qawasameh clan which is notorious for acting against Hamas's policies and any attempts to reach an entente with Israel. Hamas political chief Khaled Meshal said he can neither confirm nor deny the kidnapping of the three Israelis, but congratulated the abductors. Israel launched Operation Brother's Keeper, a large-scale crackdown of what it called Hamas's terrorist infrastructure and personnel in the West Bank, ostensibly aimed at securing the release of the kidnapped teenagers. 10 Palestinians died in numerous raids, and several hundred senior figures and Hamas representatives were arrested,  among them many of those recently freed under the terms of the Gilad Shalit prisoner exchange.

On 30 June, search teams found the bodies of the three missing teenagers near Hebron. Israeli authorities appear to have known almost from the outset that the three had been shot almost immediately after the kidnapping, and according to BBC reporter Jon Donnison, Micky Rosenfeld told him anonymously that Israel police are working on the assumption that the abductors were a lone cell operating independently of the Hamas leadership, although this claim has not been verified. Al-Monitor has reported that the kidnappers were once Hamas-related branch that had gone rogue.

Kingsindian's proposal for violation of truce
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