User:Michael Goodyear/botanysandbox

Amaryllidaceae
A= Traubiinae: Placea, Phycella (including Famatina maulensis), Rhodolirium s. l., and Traubia

B=  Hippeastrinae: Eithea, Habranthus, Hippeastrum, Rhodophiala (including Famatina p. p.), Sprekelia, Tocantinia, and Zephyranthes (including Haylockia (Zephyranthes) americana).

Liliaceae
Taxonomy of Liliaceae

Subdivision

 * Fritillaria

Help:Table

Classification
Narcissus

Liliaceae

Genera
Narcissus

Templates
Botanist

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The standard author abbreviation ''' ''' is used to indicate this individual as the author when citing a botanical name.

returns

The standard author abbreviation is used to indicate this individual as the author when citing a botanical name.(ref) Author Query for 'Goldblatt'. International Plant Names Index. Author query = http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advAuthorSearch.do?find_abbreviation=Goldblatt

The standard List of botanists by author abbreviation|author abbreviation is used to indicate this individual as the author when citing a botanical name

Cladograms

 * Galanthus


 * Allium


 * Allium


 * Crassulaceae


 * Angiosperms


 * Monocots


 * With bars (see Lilioid monocots)


 * Lilianae
 * Phylogeny of the orders of Lilianae

{{cladogram 1 2. The Dasypogonaceae represent an unplaced commelinid family, for which the order Dasypogonales has been suggested.{{sfn|Chase|Reveal|2009}}| align=left
 * title=Cladogram : Phylogeny of the orders of Lilianae
 * caption=1. Phylogenetic tree reflecting relationships based on molecular phylogenetic evidence.{{sfn|Chase|Reveal|2009}}
 * cladogram={{clade|style=font-size:100%;line-height:125%;width:400px;


 * label1= Lilianae
 * 1={{clade 2

| 1={{cladex 3

| 1={{cladex | 1= Acorales | 2= {{cladex 4 |label1= | 1= Alismatales | 2={{cladex 5 | 1=Petrosaviales | 2={{cladex 6 | 1={{cladex | 1=Dioscoreales 7 | 2=Pandanales }} 6                | 2={{cladex 7 | 1= Liliales | 2= {{cladex 8 | 1= Asparagales |label2=commelinids | 2= {{cladex 9 |1 = Dasypogonaceae |2 = Arecales |3 = Poales |4 = {{cladex 10 | 1= Zingiberales | 2= Commelinales }} 9          }} 8         }} 7      }} 6 }} }} }} }} }}

Work in progress
}} }} }}
 * 1=


 * Adding table

Angiosperms
{{cladogram |1=Amborella |2={{clade |1=Nymphaeales |2={{clade |1=Austrobaileyales |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=magnoliids |2=Chloranthales }} |2={{clade |1=monocots |2={{clade |1=Ceratophyllum |2=eudicots }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} {{clear}}
 * title={{anchor|Clad1}}Cladogram II: The phylogeny of the angiosperms, as of APG III (2009){{sfn|APG III|2009}}
 * cladogram={{clade| style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
 * label1=angiosperms
 * 1={{clade
 * - style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"

{{cladogram | 1={{clade | 1=Chloranthaceae | 2=magnoliids | label3=monocots | 3={{clade |1={{clade |1=Acorales |2={{clade |1=Alismatales |2={{clade |1=Petrosaviales |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Dioscoreales |2=Pandanales }}                 |2={{clade |1=Liliales |2={{clade |1=Asparagales |label2= commelinids |2= {{clade |1=Dasypogonaceae |2=Arecales |3=Poales |4={{clade |1=Zingiberales |2=Commelinales }}                       }}                      }}                    }}                   }}                  }}               }}             }}            }}          | 4={{clade |1=Ceratophyllum |2=eudicots }}        }}     }} }} }}
 * title={{anchor|Clad1}}Cladogram I: The current phylogeny and composition of the monocots.{{sfn|APG III|2009}}
 * align="center"
 * cladogram={{clade|style="text-align:left; padding:2.5px; background:#eef"; width:500px;
 * 1={{clade

{{clear}}

Section
10 superorders

Dioscoreales Asparagales Melanthiales Burmanniales Liliales

Section
}} }}

Section
{{cladogram |1=Amborella |2={{clade |1=Nymphaeales |2={{clade |1=Austrobaileyales |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=magnoliids |2=Chloranthales }} |2={{clade |1=monocots |2={{clade |1=Ceratophyllum |2=eudicots }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} {{clear}} {{cladogram | 1={{clade | 1=Chloranthaceae | 2=magnoliids | label3=monocots | 3={{clade |1={{clade |1=Acorales |2={{clade |1=Alismatales |2={{clade |1=Petrosaviales |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Dioscoreales |2=Pandanales }}                 |2={{clade |1=Liliales |2={{clade |1=Asparagales |label2= commelinids |2= {{clade |1=Dasypogonaceae |2=Arecales |3=Poales |4={{clade |1=Zingiberales |2=Commelinales }}                       }}                      }}                    }}                   }}                  }}               }}             }}            }}          | 4={{clade |1=Ceratophyllum |2=eudicots }}        }}     }} }} }}
 * title={{anchor|Clad1}}Cladogram II: The phylogeny of the angiosperms, as of APG III (2009){{sfn|APG III|2009}}
 * cladogram={{clade| style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
 * label1=angiosperms
 * 1={{clade
 * - style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
 * title={{anchor|Clad1}}Cladogram I: The current phylogeny and composition of the monocots.{{sfn|APG III|2009}}
 * align="center"
 * cladogram={{clade|style="text-align:left; padding:2.5px; background:#eef"; width:500px;
 * 1={{clade

{{clear}}

Section
10 superorders

Dioscoreales Asparagales Melanthiales Burmanniales Liliales

Section
}} }}
 * 1=

Fritillaria

 * Fritillaria

Evolution analysis
related to every branch of science - essence Cladistics supplanted phenetics re-introducing evolutionary information, phyletics even more so. Phylogenetic=Evolutionary rules of arrangement taxis nomous - evolved since De Candolle 1813
 * (Plant) Taxonomy
 * Phylogeny
 * Systematics - systematic botany = taxonomy - plant diversity science - Biosystematics
 * variation - causes and consequences of variation - data used to produce system - includes understanding of evolutionary processes and pathways - unifying and integrating role - relationships between evidence and diversity - synthesising
 * The taxonomic evidence: morphology, anatomy, embryology, chromosomes, palynology, secondary plant compounds, proteins, and DNA.
 * components - studies - gathering of evidence - system - nomenclature - documentation - evolutionary lines - phylogenetic theory - statistics and computing - morphology - karyology - cytogenetics - geography - embryology - ecology
 * Classification that reflects totality of similarities and differences
 * Evolution - evolutionary history

Sources:


 * Cronquist: The evolution and classification of flowering plants
 * excerpts
 * excerpts
 * excerpts
 * excerpts
 * excerpts
 * excerpts
 * excerpts
 * excerpts
 * excerpts
 * excerpts
 * excerpts
 * excerpts
 * excerpts
 * excerpts

Rhodo template
Category:Botany templates Category:Botany Category:Rhododendron

Jan de Graaff
The de Graaff brothers (De Gebroeders de Graaff, Gebr. de Graaff) were a Dutch horticultural family company based in Lisse, Netherlands, in an area known as Duin- en Bollenstreek (Dune and Bulb Region).

History
The family business was founded by Cornelis de Graaff in 1723. They became notable in the nineteenth century when Jan de Graaff and his two sons developed the Reginae strain of hybrids of Hippeastrum by crossing Hippeastrum vitatum and Hippeastrum striatum with Hippeastrum psittacinum and some of the better hybrids available in Europe at the time. Some of the most successful hybrids were Graveana and Empress of India.

In the twentieth century the business was continued in the United States in the de Graaf nursery in Oregon (Oregon Bulb Farms 1928) by another Jan de Graaff (1903-1989), who became known as an international expert on Lillies.

Awards
The brothers were awarded a First Class Certificate by the Dutch Horticultural Society for their development of Hippeastrum 'Koningen Wilhelmina', inter alia in 1891.

Voigt
Friedrich Siegmund (Sigismund) Voigt (Voight) (1781 - 1850) was a German zoologist and botanist, with a special interest in spermatophytes. He taught at Jena, where he translated Georges Cuvier's Le Règne Animal (1817), and was the director of the Jena Botanical Gardens and the Museum of Zoology.

He proposed a classification of the animal kingdom with nine classes, based on body structure, such as those that are soft and gelatinous, those that are are articulated and have an exoskeleton, and those that have an endoskeleton.

Publications

 * 1840. Lehrbuch der Zoologie: Erklärung der 22 Kupfertafeln zu Voigt's Lehrbuch der Zoologie. Volumen 7. Editor Schweizerbart, 8 pp.
 * 1850. Geschichte des Pflanzenreichs. Volumen 2. Geschichte des Pflanzenreichs. Editor F. Mauke
 * 1835. Lehrbuch der zoologie. Volumen 1. Naturgeschichte der drei Reiche. Editor E. Schweizerbart, 507 pp.
 * 1832. Almanach der Natur. Editor Frommann, 185 pp.
 * 1823. System der Natur und Ihre Geschichte. Editor Schmid, 866 pp.
 * 1817. Grundzüge einer Naturgeschichte, als Geschichte der Entstehung und weiteren Ausbildung der Naturkörper. Editor H.L. Brönner, 679 pp.
 * 1816. Die Farben der organischen Körper''. Editor In der Crökerschen Buchhandlung, 223 pp.
 * 1808. System der Botanik. 394 pp.
 * 1806. Darstellung des natürlichen Pflanzensystems von Jussieu, nach seinen neuesten Verbesserungen: In Tabellen. Editor Reclam, 28 pp.
 * 1803. Handwörterbuch der botanischen Kunstsprache. Editor Bey Wolfgang Stahl, 269 pp.

Eponyms

 * (Orchidaceae) Caladenia voigtii Hopper & A.P.Br.
 * (Orchidaceae) Calonema voigtii (Hopper & A.P.Br.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
 * (Orchidaceae) Phlebochilus voigtii (Hopper & A.P.Br.) Szlach. & Rutk.

Dahlia
The sectional classification of Dahlia  sensu Sørensen (1969) as updated by Saar et al. (2003) and Hansen (2008) is as follows (excluding infraspecific taxa);


 * Section Pseudodendron Sherff
 * D. excelsa Bentham
 * D. imperialis Rozel ex Ortgies
 * D. tenuicaulis Sørensen
 * Section Entemophyllon Sørensen
 * D. congestifolia Sørensen
 * D. dissecta S. Watson
 * D. foeniculifolia Sherff
 * D. linearis Sherff
 * D. rupicola Sørensen
 * D. scapigeroides Sherff
 * Section Dahlia Sherff
 * D. apiculata (Sherff) Sørensen
 * D. atropurpurea Sørensen
 * D. australis (Sherff) Sørensen
 * D. barkeriae Knowles and Westcott
 * D. brevis Sørensen
 * D. coccinea Cavanilles
 * D. cordifolia (Sessé & Moc.) McVaugh syn. D. cardiophylla
 * D. hintonii Sherff
 * D. mollis Sørensen
 * D. moorei Sherff
 * D. pteropoda Sherff
 * D. purpusii Brandg.
 * D. rudis Sørensen
 * D. sherffii Sørensen
 * D. scapigera (A. Dietrich) Knowles & Westcott
 * D. sorensenii Hansen & Hjerting
 * D. tenuis Robinson & Greenman
 * D. tubulata Sørensen
 * Subsection Merckii Sørensen
 * D. merckii Lehm. (sometimes spelled Dahlia merkii)
 * Section Epiphytum Sherff
 * D. macdougallii Sherff
 * Unplaced
 * D. campanulata Saar, Sørensen, & Hjerting
 * D. cuspidata Saar, Sørensen, & Hjerting
 * D. hjertingii Hansen and Sørensen
 * D. neglecta Saar
 * D. parvibracteata Saar & Sørensen
 * D. spectabilis Saar, Sørensen, & Hjerting
 * Unresolved
 * D. pinnata Type (more properly D. x pinnata)
 * D. sublignosa (Sørensen) Saar & Sørensen
 * Cultivated
 * D. variabilis Desf.

Floral Formula
Liliaceae

Narcissus

IPNI
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