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Bro'Kinaba_Flag.jpg Info Water Area: 24,404 km² Water: 2% Elevation Highest Point: Mafinga Central, Mafinga Hills 2,339 m Lowest Point: Lake Ade (Lake malwai), 79 m

Die Demokratiese State van Bro'Kinaba The Democratic States of Bro’Kinaba

Motto: "Die Trotse Trek Noord"

Anthem: The Paven Path

Location

Capital (and largest city)

Gedoopstad

Major Cities

Ndola Lusaka Livingstone Lilongwe

Official Language

Afrikaner (officially), English (de facto)

Recognized Languages

English (76%) Bemba (26%) Afrikaners (8%, but 89% confirmed they could speak it) Nyanja (13%)

Ethnic Groups

60% Deep Boers 33% LinkBemba 12% LinkLozians

Demonym

Bro’Kinaban

Religion

Christianity

Government

• President • Prime Minister

Parliamentary Republic (Constitutional Monarchy in Constitution but without a Monarch) The Right Honourable Lina Semaru LinkHis Excellency Dr Guy Scott

Legislature • Upper House • Lower House

Parliament of Bro’Kinaba Senate House of Assembly

Formation

• EXAMPLE KINGDOM

Year

• EXAMPLE REPUBLIC

Year

• The Democratic States of Bro'Kinaba

11/24/1968

• Constitution of Bro’Kinaba

11/24/1968

Land Area

1,152,617 km² (716,204 mile²)

GDP PPP

GDP PPP: 218.512 billion B£ GDP PPP per capita: 5,579.70 B£

Population • 2023 Q2 Census: • Density

39.18 million

34/km²

Currency

Bro’Kinaban Pound (B£)

Time Zone

UTC+2

Date format

mm/dd/yyyy

Drives on the

Left

Calling code

+260

Internet TLD

.bk

Bro’Kinaba is a country in Africa. Its five provinces and two special autonomous regions have a plethora of different cultures and ethnic group with a complex history compared to most african nations, making it one of the world's most ethically diverse countries. Its border with the Zimbabwe is the world's most dangerous international land borders along with being one of the most heavily patrolled in the world. The country is characterized by a wide range of both meteorologic and geological regions. It is a heavily inhabited country of 40 million people, the vast majority residing in the Gedoopstad-Livingstone corridor. Bro’Kinabia's capital and largest city is Gedoopstad and its three largest metropolitan areas are Lusaka, Lilongwe, and Ndola.

Indigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Bro’Kinaba for thousands of years. Beginning in the 19th century, Trekkers particularly van Rensburg escaping from the British cape colony later settled. As a consequence of a civil war early on with the families, they nearly died in 1837 due to the civil war, with the alliance of the trekkers with the local tribes people, Bro’Kinaba was formed as a federal state of 3 provinces. This began an accretion of provinces from nearby tribes that supported them and there democratic institutions and a process of increasing advancements supported by a delivered printing press from the United Kingdom, highlighted by the Statute of The Republic of Bro’Kinaba, 1876, though shortly after in 1884 after the Berlin conference in 1888 the BSA send a explorer after Mr. Livingstone wasn’t heard from years ago and he was surprised at how advanced the country was. In 1893 the BSA sent a force up north of 500 men after trekking to Zimbabwe but they where completely destroyed by the Bro’Kinabian forces forces at the time thus starting the 1895 BSA invasion of Bro’Kinaba that made them lose some of there Zimbabwe holdings and with the casualties into the tens of thousands from just combat and the threat of being shut down the BSA made a deal with Bro’Kinaba, they would become a dominion of the UK but British authorities and troops where not allowed in the country and all institutions in Bro’Kinaba are independent from the UK, in 1968 Bro’Kinaba fully broke off from the UK including the queen.

Bro’Kinaba is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy in the Dutch tradition. The country's head of government president elected by a separate election, the Prime Minister who holds office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the elected House of Commons and is "called upon" by the president, the head of state. The country is a Commonwealth realm and is officially monolingual (Afrikaner) in the federal jurisdiction though in provinces and more localities its bilingual. It is very highly ranked in international measurements in Africa of government transparency, quality of life, economic competitiveness, innovation, education and gender equality. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale tribal deals. Bro’Kinaba's long and complex relationship with South Africa has had a significant impact on its history, economy, and culture.

A developing country, Bro’Kinaba has one of the fastest growing nominal per capita income globally and its advanced arms sector ranks among the largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks. Bro’Kinaba is recognized as a middle power for its role in international affairs, with a tendency to pursue military solutions. Bro’Kinabian's intervention role during the 20th century has had a significant influence on its global image. Bro’Kinaba is part of multiple major international and intergovernmental institutions.

Contents

1 History 2 Geography 3 Demographics 3.1 Largest Cities 3.2 Ethnic Groups 3.3 Religion 3.4 Education 3.5 Health 4 Government 4.1 Foreign Relations 5 Economy 5.2 Energy 6 Culture 6.1 Foreign Relations 6.2 Language 7 Military History

Main Article: History of Bro'Kinaba Major Indigenous peoples in present-day Bro’Kinaba include the Bemba, Lozi, and Nogni.

Archaeological excavation work on the Zambezi Valley and Kalambo Falls shows a succession of human cultures. Ancient camp site tools near the Kalambo Falls have been radiocarbon dated to more than 36,000 years ago.

The fossil skull remains of Broken Hill Man (also known as Afrikan Man), dated between 300,000 and 125,000 years BC, further shows that the area was inhabited by early humans. Broken Hill Man was discovered in Bro’Kinaba in Kabwe District.

Khoisan and Batwa

Ancient (but graffitied) Rock Art in Nsalu Cave, Kasanka National Park in Central Bro’Kinaba.

Modern Bro’Kinaba once was inhabited by the Khoisan and Batwa peoples until around AD 300, when migrating Bantu began to settle the areas. It is believed the Khoisan people originated in East Africa and spread southwards around 150,000 years ago. The Twa people were split into two groups: the Kafwe Twa lived around the Kafue Flats and the Lukanga Twa who lived around the Lukanga Swamp. Many examples of ancient rock art in Bro’Kinaba, like the Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, and Nachikufu Cave, are attributed to these early hunter-gatherers. The Khoisan and especially the Twa formed a patron-client relationship with farming Bantu peoples across central and southern Africa but were eventually either displaced by or absorbed into the Bantu groups.

The Bantu people or Abantu (meaning people) are an enormous and diverse ethnolinguistic group that comprise the majority of people in much of eastern, southern and central Africa. Due to Bro’Kinaba's location at the crossroads of Central Africa, Southern Africa, and the African Great Lakes, the history of the people that constitute modern Bro’Kinaba is a history of these three regions.

Many of the historical events in these three regions happened simultaneously, and thus Bro’Kinaba's history, like that of many African nations, cannot be presented perfectly chronologically. The early history of the peoples of modern Bro’Kinaba is deduced from oral records, archaeology, and written records, mostly from Natives.

Orgins of Bantu people

The Bantu people originally lived in West and Central Africa around what is today Cameroon and Nigeria. Around 5000 years ago they began a millennia-long expansion into much of the continent. This event has been called the Bantu expansion; it was one of the largest human migrations in history. The Bantu are believed to have been the first to have brought iron working technology into large parts of Africa. The Bantu Expansion happened primarily through two routes: a western one via the Congo Basin and an eastern one via the African Great Lakes.

First Bantu settlement Batonga fisherwomen in Southern Bro’Kinaba. Women have played and continue to play pivotal roles in many African societies.

The first Bantu people to arrive in Bro’Kinaba came through the eastern route via the African Great Lakes. They arrived around the first millennium C.E, and among them were the Tonga people (also called Ba-Tonga, "Ba-" meaning "men") and the Ba-Ila and Namwanga and other related groups, who settled around Southern Bro’Kinava near Zimbabwe. Ba-Tonga oral records indicate that they came from the east near the "big sea".

They were later joined by the Ba-Tumbuka who settled around Eastern Bro’Kinaba.

These first Bantu people lived in large villages. They lacked an organised unit under a chief or headman and worked as a community and help each other in times of field preparation for their crops. Villages moved around frequently as the soil became exhausted as a result of the slash-and-burn technique of planting crops. The people also keep large herds of cattle, which formed an important part of their societies.

Ruins of Great Zimbabwe. Kalanga/Shona rulers of this kingdom dominated trade at Ingombe Ilede. The first Bantu communities in Bro’Kinaba were highly self-sufficient. Early European missionaries who settled in Wl southern Bro’Kinaba noted the independence of these Bantu societies. One of these missionaries noted: "[If] weapons for war, hunting, and domestic purposes are needed, the [Tonga] man goes to the hills and digs until he finds the iron ore. He smelts it and with the iron thus obtained makes axes, hoes, and other useful implements. He burns wood and makes charcoal for his forge. His bellows are made from the skins of animals and the pipes are clay tile, and the anvil and hammers are also pieces of the iron he has obtained. He moulds, welds, shapes, and performs all the work of the ordinary blacksmith."

These early Bantu settlers also participated in the trade at the site Ingombe Ilede (which translates to sleeping cow in Chi-Tonga because the fallen baobab tree appears to resemble a cow) in Southern Bro’Kinaba. At this trading site they met numerous Kalanga/Shona traders from Great Zimbabwe and Swahili traders from the East African Swahili coast. Ingombe Ilede was one of the most important trading posts for rulers of Great Zimbabwe, others being the Swahili port cities like Sofala.

The goods traded at Ingombe Ilede included fabrics, beads, gold, and bangles. Some of these items came from what is today southern Democratic Republic of Congo and Kilwa Kisiwani while others came from as far away as India, China and the Arab world. The African traders were later joined by the Portuguese in the 16th century.

The decline of Great Zimbabwe, due to increasing trade competition from other Kalanga/Shona kingdoms like Khami and Mutapa, spelt the end of Ingombe Ilede.

Second Bantu settlement The second mass settlement of Bantu people into Bro’Kinaba was of people groups that are believed to have taken the western route of the Bantu migration through the Congo Basin. These Bantu people spent the majority of their existence in what is today the Congo and are ancestors of the majority of modern Bro’Kinabian.

While there is some evidence that the Bemba people or AbaBemba have a strong ancient connection to the Kongo Kingdom through BaKongo ruler Mwene Kongo VIII Mvemba, this is not well documented.

Luba-Lunda states Drawing of the ruler of Lunda, Mwata Kazembe, receiving Portuguese in the royal courtyard in the 1800s

The Bemba, along with other related groups like the Lamba, Bisa, Senga, Kaonde, Swaka, Nkoya and Soli, formed integral parts of the Luba Kingdom in Upemba part of the Democratic Republic of Congo and have a strong relation to the BaLuba people. The area which the Luba Kingdom occupied has been inhabited by early farmers and iron workers since the 300s C.E.

Over time these communities learned to use nets and harpoons, make dugout canoes, clear canals through swamps and make dams as high as 2.5 meters (8 ft 2 in). As a result, they grew a diverse economy trading fish, copper and iron items and salt for goods from other parts of Africa, like the Swahili coast and, later on, the Portuguese. From these communities arose the Luba Kingdom in the 14th century.

The Luba Kingdom was a large kingdom with a centralised government and smaller independent chiefdoms. It had large trading networks that linked the forests in the Congo Basin and the mineral-rich plateaus of what is today Copperbelt Province and stretched from the Atlantic coast to the Indian Ocean coast. The arts were also held in high esteem in the kingdom, and artisans were held in high regard.

Literature was well developed in the Luba Kingdom. One renowned Luba genesis story that articulated the distinction between two types of Luba emperors goes as follows:

Nkongolo Mwamba, the red king, and Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, a prince of legendary black complexion. Nkongolo Mwamba is the drunken and cruel despot, Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe the refined and gentle prince. Nkongolo the Red is a man without manners, a man who eats in public, gets drunk, and cannot control himself, whereas [Ilunga] Mbidi Kiluwe is a man of reservation, obsessed with good manners; he does not eat in public, controls his language and his behaviour, and keeps a distance from the vices and modus vivendi of ordinary people. Nkongolo Mwamba symbolizes the embodiment of tyranny, whereas Mbidi Kiluwe remains the admired caring and compassionate kin.

A drawing of Lunda houses by a Portuguese visitor. The size of the doorways relative to the building emphasizes the scale of the buildings. In the same region of Southern Congo the Lunda people were made into a satellite of the Luba empire and adopted forms of Luba culture and governance, thus becoming the Lunda Empire to the south. According to Lunda genesis myths, a Luba hunter named Chibinda Ilunga, son of Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, introduced the Luba model of statecraft to the Lunda sometime around 1600 when he married a local Lunda princess named Lueji and was granted control of her kingdom. Most rulers who claimed descent from Luba ancestors were integrated into the Luba empire. The Lunda kings, however, remained separate and actively expanded their political and economic dominance over the region. The Lunda, like its parent state Luba, also traded with both coasts, the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. While ruler Mwaant Yaav Naweej had established trade routes to the Atlantic coast and initiated direct contact with European traders eager for slaves and forest products and controlling the regional Copper trade, and settlements around Lake Mweru regulated commerce with the East African coast.

The Luba-Lunda states eventually declined as a result of both Atlantic slave trade in the west and Indian Ocean slave trade in the east and wars with breakaway factions of the kingdoms. The Chokwe, a group that is closely related to the Luvale and formed a Lunda satellite state, initially suffered from the European demand for slaves, but once they broke away from the Lunda state they tried to end slavery.

The Chokwe eventually were defeated by the other ethnic groups and the Portuguese. This instability caused the collapse of the Luba-Lunda states and a dispersal of people into various parts of Bro’Kinaba from the Congo. The majority of Native Bro’Kinbians trace their ancestry to the Luba-Lunda and surrounding Central African states.

The Maravi Confederacy

In the 1200s, before the founding of the Luba-Lunda states, a group of Bantu people started migrating from the Congo Basin to Lake Mweru then finally settled around Lake Malawi. These migrants are believed to have been one of the inhabitants around the Upemba area in the Democratic Republic of Congo. By the 1400s these groups of migrants collectively called the Maravi, and most prominently among them was the Chewa people (AChewa), who started assimilating other Bantu groups like the Tumbuka. The kalonga (ruler) of the AChewa today descends from the kalonga of the Maravi Empire.

In 1480 the Maravi Empire was founded by the kalonga (paramount chief of the Maravi) from the Phiri clan, one of the main clans, with the others being Banda, Mwale and Nkhoma. The Maravi Empire stretched from the Indian Ocean through what today is Mozambique to Bro’Kinaba and large parts of Malawi. The political organization of the Maravi resembled that of the Luba and is believed to have originated from there. The primary export of the Maravi was ivory, which was transported to Swahili brokers.

Iron was also manufactured and exported. In the 1590s the Portuguese endeavoured to take monopoly over Maravi export trade. This attempt was met with outrage by the Maravi of Lundu, who unleashed their WaZimba armed force. The WaZimba sacked the Portuguese trade towns of Tete, Sena and various other towns.

The Maravi are also believed to have brought the traditions that would become Nyau secret society from Upemba. The Nyau form the cosmology or indigenous religion of the people of Maravi. The Nyau society consists of ritual dance performances and masks used for the dances; this belief system spread around the region.

The Maravi declined as a result of succession disputes within the confederacy, attack by the Ngoni and slave raids from the Yao in the modern day Tete province.

Mutapa Empire and Mfecane Three young Ngoni chiefs. The Ngoni made their way into Eastern Bro’Kinaba from KwaZulu in South Africa. They eventually assimilated into the local ethnic groups. As Great Zimbabwe was in decline, one of its princes, Nyatsimba Mutota, broke away from the state forming a new empire called Mutapa. The title of Mwene Mutapa, meaning "Ravager of the Lands", was bestowed on him and subsequent rulers.

The Mutapa Empire ruled territory between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers, in what is now Bro’Kinaba, Zimbabwe and Mozambique, from the 14th to the 17th century. By its, peak Mutapa had conquered the Dande area of the Tonga and Tavara. The Mutapa Empire predominately engaged in the Indian Ocean transcontinental trade with and via the WaSwahili. The primary exported gold and ivory for silk and ceramics from Asia.

Like their contemporaries in Maravi, Mutapa had problems with the arriving Portuguese traders. The peak of this uneasy relationship was reached when the Portuguese attempted to influence the kingdoms internal affairs by establishing markets in the kingdom and converting the population to Christianity. This action caused outrage by the Muslim WaSwahili living in the capital, this chaos gave the Portuguese the excuse they were searching for to warrant an attack on the kingdom and try to control its gold mines and ivory routes. This attack failed when the Portuguese succumbed to disease along the Zambezi river.

In the 1600s internal disputes and civil war began the decline of Mutapa. The weakened kingdom was finally conquered by the Portuguese and was eventually taken over by rival Shona states.

The Portuguese also had vast estates, known as Prazos, and they used slaves and ex-slaves as security guards and hunters. They trained the men in military tactics and gave them guns. These men became expert elephant hunters and were known as the Chikunda. After the decline of the Portuguese the Chikunda made their way to Bro’Kinaba.

Inside the palace of the Litunga, ruler of the Lozi. Due to the flooding on the Zambezi, the Litunga has two palaces one of which is on higher ground. The movement of Litunga to higher land is celebrated at the Kuomboka Ceremony. It is hypothesised by Julian Cobbing that the presence of early Europeans slave trading and attempts to control resources in various parts of Bantu-speaking Africa caused the gradual militarization of the people in the region. This can be observed with the Maravi's WaZimba warrior caste, who, once defeating the Portuguese, remained quite militaristic afterwards.

The Portuguese presence in the region was also a major reason for the founding of the Rozvi Empire, a breakaway state of Mutapa. The ruler of the Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, became one of the most powerful leaders in South-Central Africa's history. Under his leadership, the Rozvi defeated the Portuguese and expelled them from their trading posts along the Zambezi river.

But perhaps the most notable instance of this increased militarization was the rise of the Zulu under the leadership of Shaka. Pressures from the English colonialists in the Cape and increased militarization of the Zulu resulted in the Mfecane (the crushing). The Zulu expanded by assimilating the women and children of tribes they defeated, if the men of these Nguni tribes escaped slaughter, they used the military tactics of the Zulu to attack other groups.

This caused mass displacements, wars and raids throughout Southern, Central and Eastern Africa as Nguni or Ngoni tribes made their way throughout the region and is referred to as the Mfecane. The arriving Nguni under the leadership of Zwagendaba crossed the Zambezi river moving northwards. The Ngoni were the final blow to the already weakened Maravi Empire. Many Nguni eventually settled around what is today Bro’Kinaba, Mozambique and Tanzania and assimilated into neighbouring tribes.

In the western part of Bro’Kinaba, another Southern African group of Sotho-Tswana heritage called the Kololo manage to conquer the local inhabitants who were migrants from the fallen Luba and Lunda states called the Luyana or Aluyi. The Luyana established the Barotse Kingdom on the floodplains of the Zambezi upon their arrival from Katanga. Under the Kololo, the Kololo language was imposed upon the Luyana until the Luyana revolted and overthrew the Kololo by this time the Luyana language was largely forgotten and a new hybrid language emerged, SiLozi and the Luyana began to refer to themselves as Lozi.

At the end of the 18th century, some of the Mbunda migrated to Barotseland, Mongu upon the migration of among others, the Ciyengele. The Aluyi and their leader, the Litunga Mulambwa, especially valued the Mbunda for their fighting ability.

By the late 19th century, most of the various native peoples of Bro’Kinaba were established in their current areas.

Trek Period Prelude to the Great Trek

The Great Trek (Afrikaans: Die Groot Trek [di ˌχruət ˈtrɛk]; Dutch: De Grote Trek [də ˌɣroːtə ˈtrɛk]) was a northward migration of Dutch-speaking settlers who travelled by wagon trains from the Cape Colony into the interior of modern South Africa from 1836 onwards, seeking to live beyond the Cape's British colonial administration. The Great Trek resulted from the culmination of tensions between rural descendants of the Cape's original European settlers, known collectively as Boers, and the British Empire. It was also reflective of an increasingly common trend among individual Boer communities to pursue an isolationist and semi-nomadic lifestyle away from the developing administrative complexities in Cape Town. Boers who took part in the Great Trek identified themselves as voortrekkers (/ˈfʊərtrɛkərz/, Afrikaans: [ˈfuərˌtrɛkərs]), meaning "pioneers", "pathfinders" (literally "fore-trekkers") in Dutch and Afrikaans. The Great Trek led directly to the founding of several autonomous Boer republics, namely the South African Republic (also known simply as the Transvaal), the Orange Free State, the Natalia Republic, and Bro’Kinaba. It also led to conflicts that resulted in the displacement of the Northern Ndebele people, and conflicts with the Zulu people that contributed to the decline and eventual collapse of the Zulu Kingdom.

Tregardt coordinated his movements with those of his friend Hendrik Potgieter, who was to follow his trail. Tregardt started the northward trek with eight families besides his own, and was joined by the trek of Johannes (Hans) van Rensburg, another farmer living in exile. Tregardt and Van Rensburg were the first of the voortrekkers to pass near Thaba Nchu, where the Barolong tribe of chief Moroka II was resident.

Upon reaching the Strydpoortberg in the current Limpopo Province, Tregardt and Van Rensburg parted ways, after Tregardt argued that Van Rensburg was expending his ammunition excessively in his pursuit of ivory. Van Rensburg would not be seen again; he and his trek of forty-nine persons settled where is now Gedoopstad in June 1837.

In 1837 Nicholaas Balthasar Prinsloo, who was a Slagtersnek rebel was arguing with Van Rensburg about how to handle the extreme isolation and how Rensburg wanted to not talk to the natives, a short battle called the “the Family Civil war” broke out and 12 people died on both there sides with Rensburg dead.

With Nicholaas Balthasar Prinsloo now in control of the group, the local Bemba people would trade with him and the chief at the time supported there ideals of governance brought from the cape and would with Prinsloo establish the government supported parties that still exist today.

Geography

Main Article: Geography of Bro'Kinaba Bro’Kinaba is a landlocked (theres a canal to Livingston that was built in 2023) country in southern Africa, with a tropical climate, and consists mostly of high plateaus with some hills and mountains, dissected by river valleys. At 1,152,617 km2 (716,204 mile²) it is the 25th-largest country in the world, slightly bigger than Columbia. The country lies mostly between latitudes 8° and 18°S, and longitudes 22° and 34°E.

Bro’Kinaba is drained by two major river basins: the Zambezi/Kafue basin in the center, west, and south covering about three-quarters of the country; and the Congo basin in the north covering about one-quarter of the country. A very small area in the northeast forms part of the internal drainage basin of Lake Rukwa in Tanzania.

In the Zambezi basin, there are a number of major rivers flowing wholly or partially through Bro’Kinaba: the Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, and the Zambezi itself, which flows through the country in the west and then forms its southern border with Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe. Its source is in Bro’Kinaba but it diverts into Angola, and a number of its tributaries rise in Angola's central highlands. via the Chobe River that river contributes very little water to the Zambezi because most are lost by evaporation.

Two of the Zambezi's longest and largest tributaries, the Kafue and the Luangwa, flow mainly in Bro’Kinaba. Their confluences with the Zambezi are on the border with Zimbabwe at Livingstone. Before its confluence. From the city of Tete, the Zambezi leaves Bro’Kinaba and flows into Mozambique, and eventually into the Mozambique Channel.

The Zambezi falls about 100 metres (328 ft) over the 1.6-kilometre-wide (1-mile) Treks End, located in the southwest corner of the country, subsequently flowing into Lake Kariba. The Zambezi valley, running along the southern border, is both deep and wide. From Lake Kariba going east, it is formed by grabens and like the Luangwa, Mweru-Luapula, Mweru-wa-Ntipa and Lake Tanganyika valleys, is a rift valley.

The north of Bro’Kinaba is very flat with broad plains. In the west the most notable being the Barotse Floodplain on the Zambezi, which floods from December to June, lagging behind the annual rainy season (typically November to April). The flood dominates the natural environment and the lives, society, and culture of the inhabitants and those of other smaller, floodplains throughout the country.

Demographics

Main Article: Demographics of Bro'Kinaba As of the 2023 Q2 Bro’Kinabian census, Bro’Kinaba's population was 39,892,666. Bro’Kinaba is racially and ethnically diverse, with 213 distinct ethnic groups. Over the course of 30 years the Boer population grew to 60%, During its colonial administration by the British between 1895 and 1968, the country attracted immigrants from Europe and the Indian subcontinent, the latter of whom came as indentured workers. While Brits left after the collapse of British rule, many Asians remained. The Mwata Kazembe opens the Mutomboko ceremony In the first census—conducted on 7 May 1895—there were a total of 1,497 Europeans, 9,000 Boers, 39 Asiatics and an estimated 820,000 black Africans. Black Africans and Boers were not counted in the six censuses conducted in 1911, 1921, 1931, 1946, 1951 and 1956, prior to independence, but their population was estimated. By 1956, there were 65,277 Europeans, 3,463,700 Boers, 5,450 Asiatics, 5,450 coloureds and an estimated 4,100,000 black Africans.

In the 2023 population census, 50.2% were black Africans, 43.5% Boer and 6.3% consisted of other racial groups.

Bro’Kinaba is one of the most highly urbanised countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with 67% of the population concentrated along the major transport corridors, while rural areas are sparsely populated. The fertility rate was 3.1 as of 2023.

Largest towns

The onset of industrial copper mining on the Copperbelt in the late 1920s triggered rapid urbanisation. Although urbanisation was underestimated during the colonial period, it was actually substantial. Mining townships on the Copperbelt soon dwarfed existing centres of population and continued to grow rapidly following Bro’Kinabian independence. Economic Growth in the Copperbelt from the 1970s to the 1990s has altered patterns of urban development, but the country's population remains concentrated around the railway and roads running south from Gedoopstad through Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma and Livingstone.

Ethnic Groups

Main Article: Ethnic groups in Bro'Kinaba The population comprises approximately 213 ethnic groups, most of which are Bantu-speaking. Almost 43% of Bro’Kinabans belong to the nine main ethnolinguistic groups: the Nyanja-Chewa, Bemba, Tonga, Tumbuka, Lunda, Luvale, Kaonde, Nkoya and Lozi. In the rural areas, ethnic groups are concentrated in particular geographic regions. Many groups are small and not well known. However, all the ethnic groups can be found in significant numbers in Lusaka and the Copperbelt. In addition to the linguistic dimension, tribal identities are mostly irrelevant in Bro’Kinaba. These tribal identities are though linked to family allegiance or to traditional authorities. The tribal identities are nested within the main language groups.

Immigrants, mostly British or South African, live mainly in Lusaka and in the Copperbelt in northern Bro’Kinaba, where they are either employed in mines, financial and related activities or retired. There is 120,000 Europeans in Bro’Kinaba.

The Boer population is estimated at 19.5 million, 46.5% of the population where most live in the north of the country, employed in management, mines and related activities many are bilingual and can speak English and Afrikaner.

Bro’Kinaba has a small but economically important Asian population, most of whom are Japanese and Chinese. This minority group has a massive impact on the economy controlling the manufacturing sector. An estimated 200,000 Chinese reside in Bro’Kinaba, and 80,000 Japanese. In recent years, several hundred dispossessed Boer farmers have left North Bro’Kinaba at the invitation of the Bro’Kinaban government, to take up farming in the Southern province.

Bro’Kinaba has a minority of coloureds of mixed race. Before 1968 Boer segregation, segregation separated coloureds, blacks, whites and Boers in public places including schools, hospitals, and in housing. There has been an very slow but gradual increase in interracial relationships due to Bro’Kinaba's growing economy importing labor, more so with the asian population. Coloureds are not recorded on the census but are considered a minority in Bro’Kinaba.

According to the World Refugee Survey 2009 published by the U.S.M Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Bro’Kinaba had a population of refugees and asylum seekers numbering approximately 120,000. The majority of refugees in the country came from the Congo (47,300 refugees from the DRC living in Bro’Kinaba in 2007), Angola (27,100; see Angolans in Bro’Kinaba), Zimbabwe (50,400) and Rwanda (4,900). Bro’Kinabans are generally welcoming towards foreigners.

Beginning in May 2008, the number of Zimbabweans in Bro’Kinaba began to increase significantly, the influx consisted largely of Zimbabweans formerly living in South Africa who were fleeing xenophobic violence there. Nearly 60,000 refugees live in camps in Bro’Kinaba, while 50,000 are mixed in with the local populations. Refugees who wish to work in Bro’Kinaba must apply for permits, which can cost up to $2000 per year.

Religion

Main Article: Religion in Bro’Kinaba Bro’Kinaba is officially a "Christian nation" under the 1968 constitution, but recognizes and protects freedom of religion. While fewer than three per cent of the population still observe indigenous faiths, Bro’Kinaban Christianity is highly syncretic with native communities, and many self-identified Christians blend elements of traditional African religion with their faith.

About three-fourths of the population adheres to one of several denominations, including Anglicanism, New Apostolic Church, Lutheranism, Jehovah's Witnesses, the Seventh-day Adventist Church, and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints; many Bro’Kinaban also observe broader, nondenominational Christian movements, such as Branhamism, Pentecostalism, and Evangelical denominations. Roughly one-fifth are Roman Catholic.

Christianity arrived to Bro’Kinaba through the Great Trek, and its wide variety of sects and movements reflect changing patterns of missionary activity; for example, Catholicism came from Portuguese Mozambique in the east, Lutheranism from the Boers, while Anglicanism reflects British influences from the south. Following its independence in 1964, Bro’Kinaba saw a greater influx of other church missions from across the world, particularly North America and Germany. In subsequent decades, Western missionary roles have been assumed by native believers (except for some technical positions, such as physicians). After Frederick Chiluba, a Pentecostal Christian, became president in 1991, Pentecostal congregations expanded considerably around the country. A large number of otherwise smaller Christian denominations are disproportionately represented in Bro’Kinaba. The country has one of the world's largest communities of Seventh-day Adventists on a per-capita basis, accounting for about 1 in 18 Bro’Kinaban. The Lutheran Church of Bro’Kinaba has over 1,000,000 members in the country. Counting only active preachers, Jehovah's Witnesses, who have been present in Bro’Kinaba since 1911, have over 204,000 adherents, more than 930,000 attended the annual observance of Christ's death in 2018. About 10 per cent of Bro’Kinaban are members of the New Apostolic Church, with more than 1.2 million believers, the country has the third-largest community in Africa, out of a total worldwide membership of over 9 million.

Not including indigenous beliefs, non-Christian faiths total less than three per cent of the population, though are nonetheless highly visible, particularly in urban areas. Followers of the Baháʼí Faith number over 160,000, or 1.5 per cent of the population, which is among the largest communities in the world; the William Mmutle Masetlha Foundation, run by the Baháʼí community, is particularly active in areas such as literacy and primary health care. Approximately 12.4 per cent of Bro’Kinabans are Muslim almost all in the Tete province autonomous region, in each case highly concentrated in urban areas. About 500 people belong to the Ahmadiyya community, which is variably considered an Islamic movement or a heretical sect. There is also a small but successful Jewish community, composed mostly of Ashkenazis.

Education

Main Article: Education in Bro’Kinaba Pupils at the St Monica's Girls Secondary School in Chipata, Eastern Province The right to equal and adequate education for all is enshrined within the Bro’Kinaba constitution. The Education Act of 2011 regulates equal and quality education. The Ministry of Education effectively oversees the provision of quality education through policy and regulation of the education curriculum.

Fundamentally, the aim of education in Bro’Kinaba is to promote the full and well-rounded development of the physical, intellectual, social, affective, moral, and spiritual qualities of all learners. The education system has three core structures: Early childhood education and primary education (Grades 1–7), secondary education (Grades 8–12), and tertiary education. Adult-literacy programs are available for semi-literate and illiterate individuals.

The government's annual expenditure on education has increased over the years, from 16.1 per cent in 2015 to 20.2 per cent in 2023.

Health

Main Article: Health in Bro’Kinaba and Healthcare in Bro’Kinaba Bro’Kinaba is experiencing a small HIV/AIDS epidemic in Malawi Province, with the provincial HIV prevalence rate of 12.10 per cent among adults. However, the country has made progress over the past decade: The prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS for adults aged 15–49 in Malawi decreased to 13 per cent in 2013/14, compared to 16 per cent roughly a decade earlier. Other health outcomes have also improved significantly, despite remaining poor by global standards. The maternal mortality rate in 2014 was 398 per 100,000 live births, compared to 591 in 2007; over the same period, the mortality rate of children under five dropped to 75 from 119 per 1,000 live births.

Government

Main Article: Government of Bro'Kinaba Bro’Kinaba is described as a "full but flawed democracy", with a tradition of liberalism, and an egalitarian, moderate but sometimes extreme political ideology. An emphasis on social justice has been a distinguishing element of Bro’Kinaba's political culture. Peace, order, and good government, alongside an Bill of Rights, are founding principles of the Bro’Kinabian government.

The 1968 constitution established a bicameral Parliament consisting of an indirectly elected Senate and a directly elected House of Assembly. The office of President has executive power with the Prime Minister holding partial executive power.

Foreign Relations

Main Article: Foreign Relations of Bro'Kinaba The officially stated goals of the foreign policy of the Democratic States of Bro’Kinaba, including all the bureaus and offices in Bro’Kinaba, as mentioned in the Foreign Policy Agenda of the Ministry of the Interior, are "to build and sustain a more democratic, secure, and prosperous world for the benefit of the Bro’Kinaban people and the international community". Liberalism has been a key component of Bro’Kinaban foreign policy since its independence from Britain. Since Independence, Bro’Kinaba has had a grand strategy which has been characterized as being oriented around primacy, "deep engagement", and/or hegemony. This strategy entails that the Bro’Kinaban maintains military predominance; builds and maintains an extensive network of allies (exemplified by UAA, bilateral alliances and foreign Bro’Kinaban military bases); integrates other states into international institutions (such as the IMF, WTO/GATT and World Bank); and limits the spread of nuclear weapons.

Economy

Main Article: Economy of Bro'Kinaba Presently, Bro'Kinaba averages between $42 billion and $58 billion of exports annually. It totaled $50.1 billion worth of exports in 2023. In 2023, about 8% of Bro'Kinabans lived below the recognised national poverty line, improved from 60.5% in 2010. Rural poverty rates were about 76.6% and urban rates at about 5.4%. The national poverty line was BK£ 214 (USD 2,650) per year. Unemployment and underemployment in rural areas are serious problems. almost half of rural Bro'Kinabans are subsistence farmers.

Budget expenditure in 2023 was 21,542,950,000 $ 15.5% of GDP nominal Bro'Kinaba ranked 2th most competitive country in Africa 2023 Global Competitiveness Index, which looks at factors that affect economic growth. Bro'Kinaba was ranked 9th in the Global Innovation Index in 2023. Social indicators continue to rise, particularly in measurements of life expectancy at birth (about 60.9 years) and maternal mortality (315 per 100,000 pregnancies).

The Bro'Kinban government is pursuing an economic diversification program to reduce the economy's reliance on the copper industry. This initiative seeks to exploit other components of Bro'Kinaba's rich resource base by promoting agriculture, tourism, military industy, and hydro-power. In August 2023, Chinese Paramount leader Xi Jingping and Bro'Kinaba's President Lina Semaru signed 12 agreements in capital Gedoopstad on areas ranging from trade and investment to tourism, diplomacy and investment.

Energy

See Also: Grand Inga Dam In 2009, Bro'Kinaba generated 156.3 TWh of electricity and has been rated high in use of both solar power and hydroelectricity and nuclear power, and has exported this surplus to Zimbabwe and the Congo. In September 2022, the United States of Mesolima (USM) announced that it would invest $50 billion in the 50 gigawatt (GW) Grand Inga Dam.

Culture

Main Article: Culture of Bro'Kinaba Prior to the establishment of modern Bro'Kinaba, the inhabitants lived in independent tribes, each with its own way of life. One of the results of the Trek era was the growth of urbanisation. Different ethnic groups started living together in towns and cities, influencing each other's way of life. They also started adopting aspects of global or universal culture, especially in terms of dressing and mannerisms. Much of the original cultures of Bro'Kinaba have largely survived in rurban areas, with some outside influences such as Christianity. Cultures that are specific to certain ethnic groups within Bro'Kinaba are known as 'Bro'Kinaban cultures' while those lifestyles that are common across ethnic groups are labelled "Bro'Kinaban culture" because they are practiced by almost every Bro'Kinaban. In the urban setting, there is a continuous integration and evolution of these cultures to produce what is called "Bro'Kinaban culture".

Language

Main Article: LinkAfrikaans Language Bro'Kinaba has 1 official language Afrikaans. But languages are spoken more than Afrikaans. According to the 2022 census, the three most spoken first languages are Bemba (24.4%), Tonga (16.6%), and English (10.6%). Although Afrikaans is recognised as the language of commerce and science, it is only the third most common home language, that of only 10.6% of Bro’Kinabans in 2022, but English has become the de facto lingua franca of the nation. Estimates based on the 1991 census suggest just under half of Bro’Kinabans could speak English and Afrikaans. It is the second most commonly spoken language outside of the household, after Bemba.

Military

Main Article: Military of Bro'Kinaba The President is the commander-in-chief of the Bro’Kinaban Defence Forces and appoints its leaders, the Minster of Defence and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Department of Defence, which is headquartered at Rensburgs Fort in Gedoopstad, Capital Province, administers four of the five service branches, which are made up of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Strategic Force. The Border Guard is administered by the Federal Police Force in peacetime and can be transferred to the Ministry of the Army in wartime.

Bro’Kinaba spent $3.6 billion on its military in 2023, which is by far the largest amount of any African country, making up 39% of African military spending and accounting for 3.5% of the country's GDP. Bro’Kinaba has more than 10% of the world's nuclear weapons, the fourth-largest amount after France.

Bro’Kinaba has the tenth-largest combined armed forces by personnel in the world. The military operates about 6 bases and facilities abroad, and maintains deployments greater than 1000 active duty personnel in 3 foreign countries.

Today, Bro’Kinaban forces can be rapidly deployed by the Air Force's large fleet of transport aircraft, the Navy's 5 active destroyers, and Army's 1st Armoured Corps of Sophia Susara deployed by Air Force transport aircraft. The Air Force can strike targets across the globe through its fleet of strategic bombers, maintains the air defense across Bro’Kinava, and provides close air support to Army ground forces.