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Mary Brenton (1792-1884) was a botanist who resided in Newfoundland during the 1820s and '30s. She corresponded with botanist William Jackson Hooker and was a contributor to his work, Flora borealis-America, becoming Hooker's primary collector of plant specimens from Newfoundland and Labrador.

Brenton collected plants from the area around the city of St. John's, Newfoundland. In her letters to William Jackson Hooker she sometimes wrote of the difficulties she experienced as a woman of collecting plants there. She collected plants for him when he was Regius Professor of Botany at the University of Glasgow until 1838.

Brenton went to Newfoundland when her father served as a judge on the newly-formed Supreme Court of the British colony.

The plant species Halenia brentoniana is named after her.