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Jeffery W. Kelly (born August 23, 1960) is an American chemist, and the current Lita Annenberg Hazen Professor of Chemistry at the Department of Chemistry of Scripps Research (formerly The Scripps Research Institute). He is famous for discovering the medication tafamidis, used for treating transthyretin amyloidosis, or the abnormal build-up of the protein transthyretin.

Early life and education
Kelly was born in Medina, New York, and went to the local Medina High School. He entered the State University of New York at Fredonia (SUNY Fredonia) in 1978, intending to join a program which offered him to stay three years at SUNY Fredonia and then two years at a partner institution. His experience with a chemistry professor changed his mind and drew him to the field. He graduated in 1982 with a BSc in chemistry. He received his PhD in organic chemistry from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1986.

Academic career
Kelly was a postdoctoral researcher at the Rockefeller University between 1986 and 1989, when he moved to Texas A&M University as an assistant professor at the Department of Chemistry. He was promoted to associate professor in 1995 and then full professor in 1997.

Kelly joined Scripps Research (then The Scripps Research Institute) in 1997 as the Lita Annenberg Hazen Professor of Chemistry at its Department of Chemistry and a member of the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology.

In 2000, he was appointed Scripps's vice president of academic affairs and dean of its graduate school (named the Kellogg School of Science and Technology in 2002). In 2006, he became the dean of graduate and postgraduate studies of Scripps until two years later, when he moved to the role of chair of the Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine. He was the co-chairman of the Department of Chemistry from 2017 to 2018.

In 2008, Kelly also became the chair the Board of Trustees of the Skaggs Institute for Research, an organization created and funded by members of the Skaggs family, who has generously funded Scripps. His term as chair ended in 2010.

Outside of Scripps, Kelly was the president of the Protein Society between 2005 and 2007.

Currently, Kelly is the Lita Annenberg Hazen Professor of Chemistry at the Department of Chemistry and a faculty member of the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology of Scripps. He also sits on the Scientific Advisory Board of the Hereditary Disease Foundation, the Hope Center for Neurological Disorders of Washington University in St. Louis, and the biotechnology company Attralus, as well as on the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Amyloidosis Research Consortium.

Business career
Kelly has cofounded three biotechnology companies, FoldRx Pharmaceuticals with Susan Lindquist in 2003, Proteostasis Therapeutics, Inc. with Andrew Dillin and Richard Morimoto in 2010, and Misfolding Diagnostics in 2012.

Research
His research focuses on understanding protein folding, misfolding and aggregation and on developing both chemical and biological strategies to ameliorate diseases caused by protein misfolding and/or aggregation.

His lab began looking for ways to inhibit transthyretin fibril formation in the 1990s. Tafamidis was eventually discovered by Kelly's team using a structure-based drug design strategy; the structure was first published in 2003. In 2003 Kelly co-founded FoldRx with Susan Lindquist of MIT and the Whitehead Institute and FoldRx developed tafamidis up through submitting an application for marketing approval in Europe in early 2010. FoldRx was acquired by Pfizer later that year.

Personal life
Kelly likes racing vintage cars, and owned a 1980 Porsche 911 SC.

He gave the commencement speech at the 2016 Commencement of the State University of New York at Fredonia.

Honors and awards

 * Searle Scholar (1991)
 * State University of New York at Fredonia Alumni Outstanding Achievement Award (2000)
 * National Institutes of Health MERIT Award (2006)
 * Ralph F. Hirschmann Award in Peptide Chemistry, American Chemical Society (2012)
 * Murray Goodman Memorial Prize (2012)
 * Jeremy Knowles Award, Royal Society of Chemistry (2016)
 * Jacob Heskel Gabbay Award in Biotechnology and Medicine (2016)
 * Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2016)
 * Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (2016)
 * Chemical Pioneer Award (2017)
 * Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors (2017)
 * Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences (2022)
 * Wolf Prize in Chemistry (2023)
 * Member of the National Academy of Sciences (2023)

Significant Papers
1992	 Colon, W.; Kelly, J.W. "Partial Denaturation of Transthyretin is Sufficient for Amyloid Fibril Formation In Vitro." Biochemistry, 31 8654-8660.

2001 Jager, M.; Nguyen, H.; Crane, J.C.; Kelly, J.W.; Gruebele, M. "The Folding Mechanism of a β-Sheet: The WW Domain" J. Mol. Biol., 311, 373-393.

2001 Hammarstrom, P.; Schneider, F.; Kelly, J.W. "Trans-Suppression of Misfolding In An Amyloid Disease" Science 293, 2459-2461.

2002	 Sawkar, A.R.; Cheng, W-C.; Beutler, E.: Wong, C.–H.: Balch, W.E.: Kelly, J.W. "Chemical Chaperones Increase the Cellular Activity of N370S β-glucosidase: A Therapeutic Strategy for Gaucher Disease " Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 99, 15428-15433.

2003	 Hammarstrom, P.; Wiseman, R. L.; Powers, E.T.; Kelly, J.W. "Prevention of Transthyretin Amyloid Disease by Changing Protein Misfolding Energetics" Science 299, 713-716.

2004 Deechongkit, S.; Nguyen, H.; Dawson, P.E.; Gruebele, M.; Kelly, J.W. “Context Dependent Contributions of Backbone H-Bonding to β-Sheet Folding Energetics” Nature 430, 101-105.

2005	 Sekijima, Y., Wiseman, R.L., Matteson, J., Hammarström, P., Miller,S.R., Balch, W.E., Kelly, J.W. “Biological and Chemical Basis for Tissue Selective Amyloid Disease”Cell 121, 73-85.

2006	 Fowler, D.M.; Koulov, A.V.; Alory-Jost, C.; Marks, M.S.; Balch, W.E; Kelly, J.W. "Functional Amyloid Formation Within Mammalian Tissue " PLoS Biology 4, 100-107.

2008	 Mu, T-W.; Ong, D.S.T.; Wang, Y-J; Balch, W. E.; Yates, J.R.; Segatori, L.; Kelly, J.W. .”Chemical and Biological Approaches Synergize to Ameliorate Protein-Folding Diseases” Cell 134, 769-781.

2008	 Balch, W.E.; Morimoto, R.I.; Dillin, A.; Kelly, J.W. “Adapting Proteostasis For Disease Intervention” Science 319, 916-919.

2010   Wiley; died in a car crash

2011	 Culyba, E.K.; Price, J.L.; Hanson, S.R.; Dhar, A,; Wong, C-H.; Gruebele, M.; Powers, E.T.; Kelly, J.W. “Protein Native State Stabilization by Placing Aromatic Side Chains in N-Glycosylated Reverse Turns” Science 331, 571-575.

2012 Bulawa, C.E.; Connelly, S.; DeVit, M.; Wang, L. Weigel, C.;Fleming, J. Packman, J.; Powers, E.T.; Wiseman, R.L.; Foss, T.R.; Wilson, I.A.; Kelly, J.W.; Labaudiniere, R. “Tafamidis, A Potent and Selective Transthyretin Kinetic Stabilizer That Inhibits the Amyloid Cascade” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 109, 9629-9634.

2013 Chen, W; Enck, S.; Price, J.L.; Powers, D.L.; Powers, E.T.; Wong, C-H.; Dyson, H.J.; Kelly, J.W. “The Structural and Energetic Basis of Protein-Carbohydrate Interactions” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 9877-9884.