User:Millie Deroy/Aquamarine (gem)/Bibliography

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Aquamarine is a pale-blue to light-green variety of the beryl family. [Citation is included] The color of aquamarine can be changed by heat, with a goal to enhance its physical appearance (though this practice is frowned upon by collectors and jewelers). [Citation is included]

Aquamarine has a chemical composition of Be3Al2Si6O18 [Citation is included] [https://geologyscience.com/gemstone/aquamarine/?amp], also containing Fe2+. [Citation is included] It has a hardness of 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale. [Citation is included] https://www.gemsociety.org/article/select-gems-ordered-mohs-hardness/ . While aquamarine often contains no inclusions, it may possess can have them, noticeable or not, with composed of content such as mica, hematite, saltwater, [Citation is included] biotite, rutile or pyrite. (p.124)

Aquamarine is a fairly common gemstone, [Citation is included] rendering it more accessible for purchase, compared to other gems in the beryl family. p.124 '''However, there is a rarer deep blue variant called maxixe, but its color can fade due to sunlight. The color of maxixe is caused by NO3. Dark-blue maxixe color can be produced in green, pink or yellow beryl by irradiating it with high-energy radiation (gamma rays, neutrons or even X-rays).'''

Add in table "refractive index": 1.57-1.59.

 Article Body 

The name aquamarine comes from aqua, ( Latin for 'water'  ) , and marine, deriving from marina, Latin for 'of the sea'. [Citation is included] The word aquamarine was first used in the year 1677. [Citation is included]

The word aquamarine has been used as a modifier for other minerals like aquamarine tourmaline, aquamarine emerald, aquamarine chrysolite, aquamarine sapphire, or aquamarine topaz. [Citation is included]

The value of aquamarine is determined by its weight, colour, [Citation provided] cut, and clarity. [Citation provided] Due to its relative abundance, aquamarine is comparatively less expensive than other gemstones within the beryl group, such as emerald or bixbite (red beryl), however it is typically more expensive than similarly coloured gemstones such as blue topaz. [2 Citations provided] Naturally occurring blue hued aquamarine specimens are more expensive than those that have undergone heat treatment to reduce yellow tones caused by ferric iron. [Citation provided] p.125 Cut aquamarines that are over 25 carats will have a lower price per carat than smaller ones of the same quality. [Citation Provided]

Aquamarine is the birth stone for the month of March. [Citation Provided] It has historically been used as a symbol for youth and happiness, due to its color, which has also, along with its name, made Western culture connect it with the ocean. [2 citations provided] '''Ancient tales have claimed that aquamarine came from the treasure chests of mermaids; which led to sailors using this gemstone as a lucky charm to protect against shipwreck. Additionally, ancient Romans believed this stone had healing properties, due to the stone being almost invisible when submerged in water. [Citation provided] p.124''' Ancient Romans believed that aquamarine could protect people who are travelling across the sea; they also used aquamarine to prevent illnesses.

The Chinese used it to make seals, and showpiece dolls, figurines, and engravings[citation needed]. The Japanese used it to make netsuke''. [Citation provided]''

Aquamarine became a state gem for Colorado in 1971. [Citation provided]

Aquamarine can be found in countries like Afghanistan, China, Kenya, Pakistan, Russia, Mozambique, the United States, [Citation provided] Brazil, Nigeria, Madagascar, Zambia, Tanzania, Sri Lanka,[Citation provided] Malawi, India, Zimbabwe, Australia, Myanmar, and Namibia. [Citation provided] The state of Minas Gerais is a major source for aquamarine. [Citation provided]

Aquamarine can mostly be found in granite pegmatites. [Citation provided] It can also be found in veins of metamorphic rocks that became mineralized by hydrothermal activity. [Citation provided]

'''The World's largest aquamarine ever found is the Dom Pedro Aquamarine found in Pedra Azul, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in the late 1980's. It is roughly 4.6 pounds, cut from a 100-pound aquamarine crystal. It is 10,363 carats and resides in the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History, in Washington.'''