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Littorina:

small marine snails. They grow to 3/4 inch, and have mainly dark brown or black

coiled shells (Griffith 1967). Their thick shells, which have rounded whorls, are mechanically strong

protecting them from abrasion by sand, collision of moving stone, or predators(Griffith 1967,

Hughes 1986)

living in the intertidal zone, from low-tide levels to very high on the beach.(Griffith 1967) In

the intertidal zone, water level is changing all the time, so Littorina may expose to sunlight in a few

hours during the day. In order to not be dried and have enough food to live, they prefer to stay in

sheltered water on rocks among rock weed and algae.

They usually hide under rocks to avoid sunlight. Hence, rocks and enough food, such as algae, are necessary for their habitat. Littorina distribute from Alaska to California, and they are very common all along the British

Columbia(Griffith 1967).!