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Sir Miles Partridge (died 26 February 1552) was an English courtier during the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI. He was arrested in 1551 as part of the factional struggle that followed the fall of Protector Somerset, before being convicted of the felony of unlawful assembly against the king and hanged on Tower Hill.

See possibly Partridges: the history of a prohibition by Clive Cheeseman.

Life
He was born to John Partridge (1470–1510) and his wife Agnes, née Bennett.

Courtier to Henry VIII
Henry VIII made him a grant in reversion of the office of Groom Porter. When, fool?

After the Dissolution of the Monasteries (1536–1541) he was granted the manor of Almondsbury in 1545 and served as High Sheriff of Gloucestershire in 1546–7. Curiously enough, in the Calendar of Patent Rolls, the entry granting Partridge the manor also includes the granting of the § Jesus Steeple to the king by the bishop of London Edmund Bonner, and the Dean & Chapter of St. Paul's.


 * 46. Miles Partriche, the King's servant. Grant, in fee, for 1,773l. 6s. 3d., of the lordship and manor of Almondesbury, Glouc.—abbey of St. Augustine in Bristol; [...] the steeple and buildings commonly called Jhesus Steple in the parish of St Faith, London, with the site and precinct of the same, and two messuages, &c., in that parish in tenure of Luke Raynes and Thos. Docwra (except the bells in the said steeple), granted to the King by Edmund bp. of London and the dean and chapter of St. Paul's, 27 March 36 Hen. VIII. Westm, 13 April 36 Hen. VIII. Del. Westm., 16 April.—P.S. Pat. p. 23, m. 16 (dated 15 April).


 * Rymer, Foedera XV., 71. (3rd edition, Vol. VI: page 127 of vol. XV): Surrender by Edmund, bp. of London and the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's, of the steeple, &c., called Jhesus Steple in the parish of St. Faith, London, [to Henry VIII]. 27 March 37 Henry VIII. (in Latin). Enrolled [Cl. Roll 37 Henry VIII, p. 4, No. 15] as acknowledged, same day, before the King in Chancery.

The owned the four bells in later times; and when that body was dissolved they reverted to the Crown. (Dimock pp 51-2)

Oswold Dockwra was paid to provide a new clapper for the great bell in 1530/31.


 * 19. Discharge to Sir John Williams for 400l. delivered to Miles Partriche for your Majesty's use, 19 March last.

On 10 Oct. 1549 the same Sir John Williams was sent with Sir Anthony Wingfield to arrest the protector, Somerset, and secure Edward VI's person at Windsor.


 * 2 July 1547, Miles Partriche, to the King's use, warrant dated 19 March anno 37o, 400l (pounds sterling). NB This is the same transaction, need to combine both refs into one.

During the reign of Henry VIII he made himself notorious as a gambler. On one occasion, when playing with the king, he staked on one throw of the dice £100 against the bells of the Jesus Chapel in the churchyard of Old St. Paul's Cathedral; Partridge won, and had the bells taken down and broken.

" Most gamesters begin at small game ; and, by degrees, if their money, or estates, hold out, they rise to great sums ; some have played, first of all, their money, then their rings, coach and horses, even their wearing clothes and perukes ; and then, such a farm ; and, at last, perhaps, a lordship. You may read, in our histories,[1] how Sir Miles Partridge played at Dice with King Henry the Eighth for Jesus Bells, so called, which were the greatest in England, and hung in a tower of St Paul's Church ; and won them ; whereby he brought them to ring in his pocket ; but the ropes, afterwards, catched about his neck, for, in Edward the Sixth's days, he was hanged for some criminal offences." [1] [https://www.dhi.ac.uk/strype/TransformServlet?page=book3_148&display=normal&highlight=+miles%20+partridge Strype's Stow's Survey, ed. 1720, Book iii., p. 148.]

NB Ashton says "which were the greatest in England", and Stow says "the greatest I have ever heard".

Courtier to Protector Somerset
After Edward VI's accession, Partridge attached himself to the Duke of Somerset; he accompanied the Protector to Scotland in 1547, fought at the battle of Pinkie Cleugh on 10 September, and was knighted at Roxburgh by Somerset on 28 September.

He was appointed Chief master of the king's games, pastimes, and sports.

On 1 September 1550 the reversion of the office of Groom Porter was granted for life to one Edward Cornwalleys by Edward VI. Edw. Cornewales had been Groom Porter to Prince Edw. since his birth in March 1538: "On Sunday last Sir William Sydney was made chamberlain to the Prince, Sir John Cornewales [Cornwallis] his steward, one Mr. Cotton Fiez Chamberleyn (vice chamberlain) and the other controller, and Edw. Cornewales, groom porter of his house."

After Somerset's fall, Partridge became implicated in the plot against his successor, John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland; on 7 October 1551 he was accused by Sir Thomas Palmer of having undertaken to raise London and seize the Great Seal of the Realm, with the help of the apprentices. His guilt is not clear: both Palmer and Northumberland subsequently confessed that the evidence was false. He was arrested on 16 October, and imprisoned in the Tower of London; he was afterwards moved, on grounds of ill-health, to the house of Lieutenant of the Tower of London on Tower Hill, and his wife was allowed to attend him.

A commission of oyer and terminer was appointed for the trial of all the accused on 29 November. The commission was headed by Marquess of Winchester and included John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford; Walter Devereux, 1st Viscount Hereford; George Brooke, 9th Baron Cobham; and Roger Cholmeley, the Chief Baron of the Exchequer.

Death
He was convicted of the felony of unlawful assembly and hanged on Tower Hill on Friday 26 February 1552.

Others implicated were executed there the same day: Sir Ralph Vane, hanged; and alongside them Sir Thomas Arundel and Sir Michael Stanhope both beheaded. Partridge was little pitied, says John Strype, since he was credited with the evil deeds of Somerset.

Almondsbury manor
After Partridge's death Almondsbury manor was granted in 1553 to Sir Arthur Darcy, (third son of Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy de Darcy who was Lieutenant of the Tower of London in 1551 when Partridge was arrested, and at whose house Partridge stayed during his illness. Almondsbury was sold in 1569 to Thomas Chester, who had been Mayor of Bristol in 1567. Thomas Chester was the ancestor of the Chester-Master Family of Knole Park, Almondsbury and Cirencester Abbey estates.

Kew House
Partridge was at one time possessed of the old palace at Kew, also known as Kew House. It seems to have been the capital messuage, and was conveyed to him by Edward Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon, son of Henry Courtenay, 1st Marquess of Exeter. Henry Courtenay was 1st cousin to Henry VIII and was executed after his involvement in the Exeter conspiracy of 1538. As the great-grandson of Edward IV and a possible heir of the House of York his son Edward remained incarcerated in the Tower of London for fifteen years until August 1553 after Mary I came to the throne. Kew House and the Dairy House (site of the current Kew Palace) later passed into the hands of Robert Dudley, afterwards Earl of Leicester. It was probably rebuilt by William Kent from 1731 for Frederick, Prince of Wales The house was finally pulled down in 1802 after the death in January of George III.

Family
His wife's name was Jane. By her he had two daughters, Margery and Katherine, who in 1553 obtained restitution by act of parliament. One of them married William Stokebrege, grocer, and in 1563 George Barton, rector of St Mary Abchurch, was imprisoned for committing adultery with her.

After Partridge's death she was granted the manor of Kenn, Devon. This was formerly one of the ancient seats of the Earls of Devon, and was forfeited by the attainder of Henry Courtenay, Marquis of Exeter (see above).

Guild of Jesus (St Paul's)


The Guild of the Holy Name of Jesus was a non-parochial, lay religious fraternity with members and chantries all around England during mediaeval times. It reflected the popular contemplative and devotional cult of of the Holy Name of Jesus, attributing mystical power to the word 'Jesus' itself. This article concentrates on the Guild of Jesus whose chapel was located in the crypt of Old St Paul's Cathedral in London during the mid 15th century.

Other early local fraternities of the Jesus Guild included Lichfield Cathedral and Sheringham in Norfolk. East Anglia had many guilds such as in Ipswich, Norwich and Bury St Edmunds. From around 1460 there was a large increase in the number of foundations and establishment of Jesus Masses all over England which continued to grow until the end of the 15th century.

Membership centred around alms-giving and praying for the souls of the departed after death in order to hasten their passage through Purgatory. In London it became associated with the Mercers' Company and the Wax Chandlers Company. There were many such guilds with similar aims devoted to other saints both in London and all around the country, very often connected with parish churches.

The guild (often spelled gild) was incorporated by Henry VI in 1459 although it may have existed before that date, and was abolished along with all similar fraternities, starting with Henry VIII and ending during the reign of Edward VI in his minority by 1548.

"The Jesus Guild was dissolved in 1547, but re-founded with royal assent in 1556. The structure of the guild was changed dramatically, and the organisation was far more hierarchical. A President, Vice-President and Rector were all to be 'ecclesiastical persons' (although none were Cathedral clergy), while two Masters and four Wardens, two senior and two junior, were to be elected from the laity, with twelve assistants to advise them." Only the two junior Wardens were London merchants.

The guild had a chapel in the crypt of Old St. Paul's Cathedral, along with a separate campanile or clochier (the Jesus steeple), which contained four extremely large bells called the Jesus bells. In around 1546-7 the bells were lost by Henry VIII in a game of dice to Sir Miles Partridge; they were broken up and sold, and the tower was also pulled down.

Background


Although in the popular imagination the term of gild is connected to the craftsmen's occupations, there were considerably more lay gilds connected to the vast majority of parishes in the country. They had their origin in the frithgilds of Anglo-Saxon times, which were a type of frankpledge, a common intent to keep the peace.

After the Conquest the frith-gilds swiftly became associated with the practice of maintaining a light (candles or lamp) at an altar dedicated to the saint or benefactor of the gild, and of saying prayers and masses for the dead and the living by a priest or chaplain. The services were paid for by a small subscription (say a halfpenny a year), and by other private or corporate alms-giving. One of the earliest fraternities of a specifically religious character was that of St Anne, within the church of St Audoen within Newgate, a few hundred yards north of the Cathedral. Other instances are recorded of similar chapels in London before the Black Death to provide lights and a chaplain.

At least two other guilds are connected with old St. Pauls's Cathdral itself: one was that of All Souls, founded in 1197. "A guild dedicated to St Anne which met in the crypt of the cathedral seems to have been established by 1371. In this year the dean and chapter drew up an agreement with the twelve wardens and brothers of the guild who met together in the chapel of St Anne in the crypt. They were to have the key to the chapel door (entered from the outside) and were to be allowed to furnish and equip the chapel as they wished. But in spite of this formal beginning, there is only one reference to the fraternity, in a will of 1378, and no mention after that date."

The appalling toll of the Black Death (30,000 Londoners died of the plague and 40% of the entire population was wiped out), led to a greatly increased preoccupation with death. Many thousands of pounds were spent on great wax tapers and candles, burning permanently on altars and shrines to commemorate the souls of the dead and the living, in specially dedicated chapels or chantries within parish churches. Hence the increase in business for the Wax Chandlers (who dealt in high-quality beeswax as opposed to the tallow merchants), and for whom in 1371 an ordinance was approved whereby each member of the craft was to give a pound of new wax, every year on Holy Cross Day, to St Paul’s Cathedral, for the tapers in the candelabrum of the rood over the north door, called the ‘Rood of Northern’. This coincided with the growth of the cult of the rood which continued into the 15th century, and which provided another boost to the sale of wax. Every church had a great crucifix lit with 'footlights' for dramatic effect.

The craft-guilds of the City of London associated themselves with particular fraternities: apart from the Guild of Jesus at St Paul's Cathedral (Mercers and Wax Chandlers,) there were the Society of St Simon and St Jude (Shipwrights); the Fraternity of Corpus Christi (Salters); the Brotherhood of St Clement (Founders); and the Fraternity of Our Lady and St Clement (Bakers).

"Within the cathedral there were scores of chantries: when Bishop Braybrook came to reorganise and reform the chantries in St Paul’s in 1391, there were seventy-four chantry priests. By the time of the dissolution of the chantries in 1548, the number had been reduced to thirty- four chantries served by forty-seven chaplains."

Almost all London’s extramural parishes also had a similar fraternity, and some more than one, including St Dunstan's in the West, St Giles in the Fields and St Sepulchre. These were among the most prosperous at the dissolution of the chantries in 1548.

History


For a detailed account of the fraternity, see.

The Cult of the Holy Name in the Long Fifteenth Century 12 July 2020 By Dr. Rob Lutton Professor of Late Medieval English History, Uni Notts

It appears possible that in early times the Guild of Jesus had a chapel or chantry within the old church of St. Faith, one of the parish churches located within the grounds of St. Paul's. (The other was St Gregory by St Paul's on the south side.) The church was knocked down in 1256 when the cathedral was enlarged eastwards; space was given to the Guild of Jesus and to the parishioners of St Faith's, in the shrouds (or crowds) or crypt. Clinch, St. Paul's Cathedral London (1906), p. 9.

The Jesus Chapel occupied the eastern half of the crypt, and St Faith's occupied the four western bays. Basement windows provided illumination. (Dimock p. 48)

Henry VI (r. 1422-1461 & 1470) incorporated the Guild of Jesus in 1459 (Dimock p. 48). The members held high festival on the successive days of the Transfiguration of Christ (6 August) and the Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus (7 August). {Dimock p. 48) The Wax Chandlers elected their officials on the 7th and said masses for dead members on the 8th. The bishop at the time was Bishop Thomas Kempe.

Dean Thomas Lisieux (1441–56) asked in his will to be buried in the crypt of St Paul’s near to the Jesus altar and he also provided for the establishment of a chantry at the Jesus altar (which was never realised).102 That a fraternity dedicated to the Holy Name was established in the crypt is suggested by the 1455 will of the mercer, Thomas Bataille, who left forty shillings to "my Bretherhode of Jhu in the crypt of St Paul’s".

"The gentry and aristocracy are often credited with having played an important part in the development of the cult of the Holy Name, and in the late fourteenth and fifteenth centuries several individuals would appear to support this suggestion. The Scrope and Fitzhugh families patronised Richard Rolle, while Henry, Lord Scrope, 1st Lord FitzHugh and Sir William Beauchamp, all kinsmen, clearly had an interest in and devotion to the cult of the Holy Name in the late fourteenth century, and played an important role in	 its early dissemination. A century later Margaret, Lady Hungerford, also had a deep personal devotion to the Holy Name.

A collegiate church was founded at Middleham N. Yorks. by the Duke of Gloucester, later Richard III of England. Every Friday the Mass of Jesus was celebrated in the college, and the Jesus Antiphon was sung in the evening of the same day.

By the late 1460s there was a sliver gilt statue of Jesus in the crypt, wearing a diadem, a fabric coat and silver shoes.

In 1484 The Wax Chandlers Company was formally associated with the Guild of Jesus. Until the Reformation it paid for the candles which burned perpetually in the Jesus chapel in St Paul's crypt. Since WWII, the company has revived this tradition by supplying the candles for the high altar of St. Paul's. Each year the Company elected its Master in the Jesus Chapel after the Gild service for the Transfiguration of our Lord - August 6th

Lady Margaret Beaufort (Henry VII's mum) was granted a papal indulgence in 1494 which recognised her as the patron of the cult of Jesus in England.

John Colet, a Mercer and the Dean of St. Paul's, re-founded /re-established the Guild in 1507, becoming the Master of the Guild of Jesus.


 * "In 1507 Colet bought a new record book for the fraternity and reorganised it with new ordinances regulating the officers, finances, membership, and purposes. The main thrust of Colet’s reforms was to improve and enhance the celebration of the services in the cathedral and, in particular, the services for the feast of the Transfiguration on 6 August and the feast of the Name of Jesus celebrated on the following day when the canons, the vicars choral, and the choristers were all encouraged to attend. There was, moreover, to be a Jesus mass celebrated every Friday. "The London waits, dressed in a special livery and equipped with a banner ‘with the cognizance of Jesus’ were to proclaim the two special feasts throughout London. On the day before the feast of the Holy Name a bonfire was to be lit in the churchyard near to the door in the north side of the choir which led down into the Jesus chapel in the crypt. On the day itself the chapel was to be decorated with greenery and herbs and the brothers and sisters who attended the services were fed on bread and ale."

Robert Fayrfax, whose patron was Lady Margaret Beaufort, composed three works entitled O bone Jhesu: a Mass c.1507, perhaps based on a Magnificat, O bone Jhesu, and a motet for which only one voice part survives which may also be part of the mass.

Robert Carver wrote a motet for nineteen voices, O bone Jesu, and [...?]

In 1514 the fraternity paid for 140 'names of Jhus' to be painted on the walls of the chapel. See Ewelme church Oxon.

Membership not only provided regular private liturgy and annual ceremonies but also guaranteed that one's soul would be prayed for after death, which was in fact its main raison d'etre.(Arnold, see below)

As the name suggests, there was a heavy stress placed upon the name and character of Jesus, which was celebrated as a particular feast on 7 August in England annually from 1488-9 onwards." (Arnold)


 * "That the Mercers' Company were a significant element in the guild is beyond doubt. The fraternity was wealthy from those who left bequests. Naturally, the more one bequeathed the more prayers one bought for the departed soul. Records show at least twenty bequests from the Company between 1513 and 1535, although evidence of mercer bequests goes back as early as 1455.[87]" (Arnold) Although the Mercers apparently had more members of the guild than any other livery company, eleven of the twelve Great Companies were represented among the known members, and the guild Wardens who served a two-year term were chosen from a wide variety of the livery companies..

From the 14th century onwards the Mercers held their meetings a few hundred yards away at the Hospital of St Thomas of Acre on Cheapside, which runs eastwards from Paternoster Row, the northern boundary of the old churchyard.


 * Letters patent to the Guild of Jesus in the Crowds in St. Paul's, London, to collect alms. Westm., July 24, 1535.

"The large income from alms giving, in return of course for prayers and indulgence, was over £200 in 1524-3 and over £400 in 1534-5. The Mercers' Company, successively thirteen wardens and seven masters to be precise, naturally managed this money.[89]"(Arnold)


 * {cite web |More, John Colet & the London Mercery by Professor Jonathan Arnold }}

Colet pushed for the establishment of a school: by 1508, a large schoolhouse of stone had been erected in St. Paul's Churchyard, to the east of the old cathedral building. The Mercers were heavily involved. It was functioning by 1511, with the lay Mercers firmly in charge. It lay immediately to the south of the Jesus steeple.

Records of the Guild of Jesus go back to 1459 when it was incorporated by Henry VI - see MSS Tanner 221 in the Bod. See also - Registrum Statutorum et Consuetudinum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Sancti Pauli Londiniensis - Statutes of the Guild from p. 435. Registrum Statutorum - Index including Guild of Jesus

By 1545 the Roman Catholic doctrine of Purgatory was discredited in the royal view, and the king's monetary needs were so pressing, that an act of Parliament was passed conveying to Henry VIII the properties of the parish gilds and all similar foundations. In all 2,374 gilds were suppressed.

1547—8 saw the final dissolution of chantries (the endowed chapels where masses for the dead were sung) by Parliament, and this included fraternities, since many of their objects were similar.

The Guild of Jesus was, most unusually, refounded in Mary I’s reign in 1556, albeit in a new form and closely linked to the Stationers’ Company. The parish of St Faith's was much more closely linked than in former times, with the Rector of St Faith's becoming the Rector of the fraternity, a position always previously held by the Dean of St Paul's.. There may have been little to connect the two organisations except a shared name and location. The re-founded guild disappeared when Elizabeth I came to the throne - not surprisingly, since she tended to uphold her late dad's views, and was somewhat opposed to her older sister.

Jesus steeple


So: In ancient times there was a tower at the east end of Old St Paul's, where a bell was rung to call the citizens of the city of London to the folkmoot. It was this bell which summoned the people to choose a king in the absence of noble and bishop - and Stephen, King of England was elected king by the aldermen in early December 1135. Wenham & Welch, pp 5-6.

http://users.trytel.com/tristan/towns/florilegium/poppoli02.html Public assembly

https://lostcityoflondon.co.uk/2020/07/20/st-faith-under-st-pauls/ St Faith under St Paul’s with map of churchyard (bell tower in N.E. corner, plus etching of the crypt by Hollar in 1658.

This tower, first mentioned in a grant of Bishop Richard Beaumeis (temp. Henry I), originally housed the bells[sic] used to summon the citizens of London to the Folkmoot.[212] By the mid-fifteenth century this tower had become the responsibility of the Jesus Chapel (and therefore the Fraternity of the Holy Name), and in it were hung a ring of four bells known as the 'Jesus Bells'.[213] Notes: [212] Dugdale p. 87. [213] Stow, no-one knows who supplied the bells.

The belfry was next to the later St Paul's School, which burned down along with the cathedral in the Great Fire of 1666.

There was a detached bell-tower at the E. end, belonging to the Jesus chapel.(Clinch 1906, p. 11 pdf)

Dugdale states that the timber spire of the tower was probably built or rebuilt about the beginning of the reign of Henry III.

From the time ‘when the memory of man runneth not’ the Londoners had been accustomed to gather together at their folkmoot which met in the open area lying to the north-east of the cathedral. The men of London were summoned to the folkmoot by the ringing of the great bell which hung in the free-standing bell tower which had been rebuilt c. 1220. In the middle of the thirteenth century the folkmoot was still being summoned at St Paul’s and yet by 1321 the king’s justices were told that the folkmoot was now closed.18 [18] 18 Folkmoots were held in 1227 and 1242.

At a later period, it would seem, the great bell was supplemented or replaced by four other very great bells, called "Jesus Bells" in regard they specially belonged to Jesus Chapel, situate at the east end of the Undercroft of Paul's ; as also on the top of the spire, the image of St. Paul ; all standing till Sir Miles Partridge, knight, temp. Henry VIII, having won them from the king, at one cast of the dice, pulled them down, which Sir Miles afterwards (scil. temp. Ed. VI.) suffered death on Tower-hill, for matters relating to the Duke of Somerset. (Dugdale].


 * {cite book |last=Dugdale |url=https://archive.org/details/stpaulscathedral00clinuoft/page/n285/mode/2up]]

{cite book THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF SAINT PAUL by Arthur Dimock pp. 48, 52 http://www.hellenicaworld.com/UK/Literature/ArthurDimock/en/TheCathedralChurchOfStPaul.html

St. Paul’s Cathedral. From the Drawing by Anton van den Wyngaerde. From Mediaeval London Benham and Welch, showing a tower close by the E. end of the old cathedral.

A "brief declaration or view" of the tower, somewhat like a surveyor's report, appeared in the ecclesiastical inventories of the first year (1547-8) of Edward VI.

The tower was situated to the north of the old St. Paul's school inside the old churchyard. It was 20 yards (60 feet, 20 metres approx) by 20 yards square with battlements and a wooden spire, all covered with lead. It was topped with a statue of St. Paul. Inside was a large timber frame to support the bells. The yearly value of the tower in c1574 was put at 26 shillings and 8 pence (about £1.33). The lead was estimated to weigh 46 fothers or cartloads. 1 fother of lead in London weighed roughly one ton, valued at £4 per fodder, and was thus worth £186. The four bells were estimated to weigh 17,000 lbs. (over 7½ tons) at 20 shillings (=1 pound sterling) per hundredth (=100 lbs., ie a short hundredweight), so they were worth £170, "the remainder to be enjoyed by the King." NB But what pound?

"Belles ther. That is to say iiij conteynyng by estimacõn vxijml at xxs le hundredth : clxxli res utr Reg. (residuum utitur Regis)."

In 1485, plain brass was worth 2d. a lb, compared with pewter at 3d, a lb and silver at 3s and 2d an ounce. If the bells weighed 17,000 lbs. then at 2d. a lb. that is 34,000 pennies, divided by 240 pennies in the pound sterling, makes £141. This isn't far too off £170 in 1574.

They must have been of considerable size: for comparison, four bells of the current bells of St Paul's:
 * No. 5 (B♭) 1,484 lbs.
 * No. 7 (G)  1,838
 * No. 9 (E♭) 3,074
 * No. 12 (B♭) 6,900 = only 13,696 lbs

Again, for comparison, Abraham Rudhall, the bell-founder from Gloucester, was granted the contract in 1721 to cast a new ring of eight bells for Southwell Minster, with a total weight of about 5 ½ tons at a cost of £170. It is possible that the bells were inscribed with devotional phrases or invocations to the Holy Name.

Some of the text indicating that the tower was still standing when the report was drawn up, was erased; this tends to imply that it was probably written during the last year of Henry VIII's reign (he died in January 1547), and that the tower was pulled down during the intervening period before the document was delivered into the Exquecher.

Felony
Partridge was found guilty of the felony of unlawful assembly.

In medieval England, there were three types of crime:
 * Petty crimes included trespass and misdemeanour.
 * Felonies included felonious larceny (pilfering or shoplifting), burglary (unlawfully entering a property and stealing), robbery (eg snatch and grab), manslaughter, and murder.
 * Treason included counterfeiting of money and plotting to overthrow the monarch.



Talk:Robert Fayrfax

Lincolnshire or Cambridgeshire?
Copied from Talk:Robert Fayrfax, nothing to do with Partridge...

Wikipedia's Deeping Gate places this village in Cambridgeshire, not Lincolnshire. Eroica (talk) 20:22, 23 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Hi, Short answer: it is in Cambridgeshire. Long answer: According to
 * "The fragmentary ‘Fayrfax’ Book of Hours held in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, contains, amongst other things, detailed notes on the births, baptisms and confirmations of the Fayrfax family of Deeping Gate, Northants.[note 2]"
 * [note 2] "At that point Deeping Gate was in Northamptonshire, see: Christopher Saxton, Christopher Saxton’s 16th Century Maps: The Counties of England & Wales (Shrewsbury: Chatsworth Library, 1992) pp 64-5. The village is now in Lincolnshire." This is almost certainly incorrect. See a non-hi-res image of the Saxton map at NORTHAMTON, Bedfordiae, Cantabrigiae,, Huntingdoniae et Rutlandiae Comitatum which can be zoomed to a certain extent. Market Deeping is south of the word LINCOLN:, but the boundary with Northants. is fairly obviously the River Welland. (The Isle of Ely to the east, mostly now part of Cambridgeshire, was under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Ely from 1109 until 1837.)
 * [note 2] "At that point Deeping Gate was in Northamptonshire, see: Christopher Saxton, Christopher Saxton’s 16th Century Maps: The Counties of England & Wales (Shrewsbury: Chatsworth Library, 1992) pp 64-5. The village is now in Lincolnshire." This is almost certainly incorrect. See a non-hi-res image of the Saxton map at NORTHAMTON, Bedfordiae, Cantabrigiae,, Huntingdoniae et Rutlandiae Comitatum which can be zoomed to a certain extent. Market Deeping is south of the word LINCOLN:, but the boundary with Northants. is fairly obviously the River Welland. (The Isle of Ely to the east, mostly now part of Cambridgeshire, was under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Ely from 1109 until 1837.)


 * Why both Collingwood (and the Fayrfax entry in the Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music, the quoted source in the article) say Deeping Gate is in Lincolnshire is beyond me, because as far as I can work it out, it isn't and never was. It may be because all the other Deepings are indeed over the river in Lincs., and I can only imagine that confusion™ has played its part well.


 * Reasoning: Deeping Gate, being on the southern side of the River Welland, seems to have been the northernmost parish of the semi-autonomous Soke of Peterborough, which was geographically considered to be in Northamptonshire. See Soke of Peterborough map. The Welland seems for long to have been the southern physical boundary of this part of Lincolnshire, although further west the county border crosses the river several times. According to Peterborough, the Soke was an administrative county in its own right from 1889 to 1965. It then merged to become Huntingdon and Peterborough until 1974 when it became Peterborough City Council, a non-metropolitan district as part of the newly enlarged Cambridgeshire. In 1988 Peterborough became independent as a unitary authority, although it remains part of of Cambridgeshire for ceremonial purposes.


 * Thus although two sources claim Deeping Gate to be in Lincs., the most casual observer will realise that it plainly isn't. I think I should amend the article accordingly. MinorProphet (talk) 19:19, 6 December 2021 (UTC)


 * On another point, not specifically for Eroica: the 'Fairfax Book of Hours' cited above is apparently Bodleian MS Lat. Liturg. e. 10, as cited in The King's Mother: Lady Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby by Michael K. Jones & Malcolm G. Underwood, p. 302. On pp. 32-33, the authors say that Lady Margaret Beaufort, Henry VII's mum, spent of her early childhood at Maxey Castle as recorded in said Book of Hours. Maxey Castle is only about 2 miles S.W. of Deeping Gate.
 * "It seems likely that Fayrfax lived in Deeping Gate with his parents [William and his second wife Agnes] and his siblings for the earliest part of his life, on land rented from Margaret Beauchamp, dowager duchess of Somerset." (Source: Collingwood above, p. 21)


 * Margaret Beaufort (20 years older than Fayrfax) was granted a papal indulgence in 1494 which recognised her as the patron of the cult of the Holy Name of Jesus in England. Source:
 * Robert Fairfax presented a mass, probably O bone Jesu to Margaret c. 1507, receiving 6s. 8d.
 * Robert Fairfax presented a mass, probably O bone Jesu to Margaret c. 1507, receiving 6s. 8d.


 * Thus the connection between Margaret Beaufort, Fayrfax and the chapel of the Guild of Jesus in the crypt of Old St Paul's Cathedral (coming soon), which needs adding to the article.