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José Ernesto García Castañeda (26 February 1884 – 28 January 1955) was a Mexican politician who participated as a soldier in the Mexican Revolution and the Battle of Zacatecas, taking the rank of colonel.

Early life and military years
José Ernesto García Castañeda was born just outside of Nieves on 26 February 1884 as the second child of José García Dávila (c. 1858-c. 1940) and his first wife Marciana Castañeda Samaniego (c. 1862-1893). Their first child, Secundino, died in July of 1883 at one year of age. They had six children in total, with the rest being Catalina, Isidra, Juliana and Basilio. After Castañeda died in 1893, García remarried and had three more children before he became widowed after a relatively short marriage. In 1910, the Mexican Revolution broke out, eventually leading to the start of the Battle of Zacatecas García, in total, participated in 29 military actions, earning himself the rank of colonel.

Later life and death
Several days after the Battle of Zacatecas, he returned to his hometown of Nieves and married Luciana Segura Burciaga (1890-1942) on 15 July 1914 (the same day President Victoriano Huerta was forced to resign) and were married for almost three decades until Segura's death on 16 August 1942 without having bore children. Less than 6 months later, García, married Rosa Hernández Delgado (1918-1978) on 10 February 1943 at the ages of 58 and 24, respectively. During their marriage, they will have 7 children: Ernesto (1943-1969), Teresa (1945-1995), Ismael (1946-), Esther (1948-2010), José Ignacio (1950-), Manuel (1952-2009) and Adolfo (1954-), all born in Nieves. On 28 January 1955, García died from pneumonia at the old age of 70. He is buried in the municipal cemetary.