User:MitchG265/Snailfish

Ideas for edits:

• Some of my articles focus on diet --> add more info to Diet section

• Add to Reproduction and Life Span --> Careproctus pallidus and how larvae are found in bronchial chambers of king crab

• New species of snailfish Careproctus iacchus --> not sure where to add this info

• Lots of info on blotched snailfish --> add to Description maybe?

Annotated Bibliography Draft - Snailfish (5 Sources)

Source 1 URL/DOI: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0078323415001311

Citation:

Walkusz, W., et al. "Spatial Distribution and Diet of Larval Snailfishes (Liparis Fabricii, Liparis Gibbus, Liparis Tunicatus) in the Canadian Beaufort Sea." Oceanologia 58.2 (2016): 117-23. ProQuest. Web. 29 Sep. 2020.

Info:


 * Three species of snailfish from the Liparis genus, L. fabricii, L. gibbus, and L tunicatus were collected from the Canadian Beaufort Sea to study their spatial distribution and diets.
 * Larval snailfish fed on planktonic organisms. Pre-flexion larvae fed on small copepods, while larger larvae fed on large copepods and amphipods.
 * Four species of snailfish out of 400 total are regularly found in the Arctic. They are distributed circumpolar and three of the four species were previously found in the Beaufort Sea (all but L. bathyarcticus).
 * Adult snailfish feed on bottom-feeder amphipods, polychaetes and cumaceans, so they feed in benthic habitats. They are also an important food source for marine birds.
 * After 4 years of sampling and visiting 60 stations, they found most Liparis larvae deeper than 10 m and on average between 20 and 50 m depth.
 * The diet of larval snailfish contained 28 food categories, mainly copepods and amphipods.
 * Adult Liparis relies on the presence of a hard substrate and kelp beds for reproduction.

Source 2 URL/DOI: 10.1017/S0025315413000544

https://search.proquest.com/oceanic/docview/1439916513/fulltextPDF/2BBE4868036C49E2PQ/7?accountid=9673

Citation:

Tomiyama, Takeshi, Manabu Yamada, and Tetsuya Yoshida. "Seasonal Migration of the Snailfish Liparis Tanakae and their Habitat Overlap with 0-Year-Old Japanese Flounder Paralichthys Olivaceus." Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom.Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93.7 (2013): 1981-7. ProQuest. Web. 29 Sep. 2020.

Info:


 * Liparis tanakae, a species of snailfish located in coastal waters of Japan, Korea, and China, has been recognized as a predator of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus.
 * The study examined where and when snailfish preyed on Japanese flounder by investigating the seasonal and spatial patterns of both species, as well as the changes in snailfish feeding habits.
 * The scientists collected snailfish samples to examine their stomach contents and categorized those contents according to species, level of prey, and wet weight.
 * Prey items of snailfish were grouped into six categories: gammarid, krill, natantian decopod, other crustacean, fish, and other.
 * Snailfish size tended to positively correlate with depth. Larger ones were found at depths > 100 m while smaller ones were usually at < 50 m.
 * Snailfish of < 50 mm primarily ate gammarids, while ones of > 100 m ate natantian decapods. The proportion of fish in their diet increased when they were > 150 mm.
 * Snailfish exhibit seasonal migration patterns, migrating to deep sea depths > 100 m from July to October and back to shallower water after October.

Source 3 URL/DOI: 10.1007/s00300-019-02500-9

https://search.proquest.com/oceanic/docview/2203502606/2B7996E0E63845A9PQ/5?accountid=9673

Citation:

Bruno, Daniel O., Javier H. Rojo, and Claudia C. Boy. "Energy Depletion of Embryos and Yolk-Sac Feeding Larvae of the Liparid Snailfish Careproctus Pallidus (Vaillant 1888)." Polar Biology 42.6 (2019): 1199-204. ProQuest. Web. 29 Sep. 2020.

Info:


 * The snailfish Careproctus pallidus develops its embryonic stages inside the branchial chambers of the king crab Lithodes santolla.
 * Energy density and energy content per individual snailfish decreased by 40% and 87% respectively from cleavage stage to becoming a larva.
 * Snailfish can be found in many geographic locations and habitats, ranging from tide pools to depths over 7000 m. They contain 32 genera in the Arctic, North Pacific, and Southern Oceans.
 * Genus Careproctus is unique in that it extrudes its eggs into lithodid crabs as a form of incubation. This relationship is considered parasitic for the king crabs because it causes gill damage.
 * Based on energy density measurements, C. pallidus has less energy at the start of its life compared to other fish species, in part due its unique method of incubation
 * This study is unique because it deals with energy depletion of early life stages of marine fish during embryonic development.

Source 4 URL/DOI: 10.1007/s10228-018-0626-7

https://search.proquest.com/oceanic/docview/2009419670/2B7996E0E63845A9PQ/8?accountid=9673

Citation:

Kai, Yoshiaki, et al. "0RW1S34RfeSDcfkexd09rT2Careproctus Iacchus,1RW1S34RfeSDcfkexd09rT2 a New Variegated Snailfish (Liparidae) from the Seas of Japan and Okhotsk." Ichthyological Research 65.4 (2018): 417-22. ProQuest. Web. 29 Sep. 2020.

Info:


 * A new species of snailfish,, was discovered in the Seas of Japan and Okhotsk and is most similar to Careproctus comus and Careproctus faunus, both of which have variegated body coloration. They were the only known species of Careproctus to have that body coloration before this study.
 * Snailfish speciation and phenotypic evolutionary rates are some of the fastest of all marine fish. Many species of snailfish are rare to find and new ones are constantly being described.
 * Scientists used DNA purification kits, purified the PCR products with an enzyme kit, performed automated sequencing, and analyzed those sequences, in order to determine if the three specimens they collected belonged to a new species of Careproctus.
 * It is named after the Roman god Iacchus, because of the new fish’s small size and close relationship to Careproctus comus and Careproctus faunus (who were named after the Roman gods Comus and Faunus).
 * Careproctus iacchus has different sized dorsal and anal-fin rays, a pectoral fin without a notch, and several other morphological differences compared to Careproctus comus and Careproctus faunus.

Source 5 URL/DOI: 10.1134/S0032945214030151

https://search.proquest.com/oceanic/docview/1560107142/2B7996E0E63845A9PQ/14?accountid=9673

Citation:

Tokranov, A. M., and A. M. Orlov. "Specific Features of Distribution, Ecology, and Dynamics of Catches of Blotched Snailfish Crystallichthys Mirabilis (Liparidae) in Pacific Waters Off the Northern Kuril Islands and Southeastern Kamchatka." Journal of Ichthyology/Voprosy Ikhtiologii 54.5 (2014): 338-46. ProQuest. Web. 29 Sep. 2020.

Info:


 * The blotched snailfish, Crystallichthys mirabilis, is widely spread out in the northern Pacific Ocean. It is also found in the northeastern part of the Sea of Okhotsk, the western part of the Bering Sea, and the Gulf of Alaska. It is considered a bottom fish.
 * This paper focuses on the distribution and ecological features of the blotched snailfish in waters off the northern Kuril Islands.
 * Blotched snailfish is considered a common species in Pacific waters around Kuril and southeastern Kamchatka.
 * The species is found in greater abundance in areas with a well-pronounced shelf. Larger individuals concentrate in these areas. Blotched snailfish can be found from depths of about 53-830 m, the bathymetric range.
 * As depth increases beyond 150 m, the percentage of smaller individuals increases. However, at deep depths, the percentage of larger individuals increases.
 * Much greater samples of blotched snailfish were caught during the day, suggesting a diurnal cycle.