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Argonese Dialects

The Aragonese language has local varieties, grouped in valley varieties, or various comarca varieties. It is generally dispersed and isolated between the different varieties. The term dialect is ambiguous and can be used to refer to well-known valley varieties (cheso, ansotano, etc.). Argonese speakers can be classified into four groups, complex dialects, or dialects (according to the assessment of the authors). Popularly the lack of clear linguistic references and a multisecular diglossia have favored the lack of unitary awareness among Aragonese speakers and, in areas where the dialect has been best preserved, Aragonese speakers often use local names.

Proposed Modes of Classification

The Four Dialects

The most accepted form of dialectical classification is by Francho Nagore, who classified Argonese speakers into 4 groups:

Western Aragonese

Central Aragonese

Eastern Aragonese

Southern Aragonese

For some, these groups are complex dialects and the speakers (like the cheso, the chistabino...) would be dialects. For others, the four groups are the constituent dialects of the Aragonese language and the varieties that they include would be subdialects, spoken local, or regional.

Others

Although the proposal of the four dialects is the most widespread, other authors have proposed variations. So, for Chusé Raúl Usón and Chabier Tomás, there would be three historical dialects that correspond more of less to the three old Pyrenean counties.

Western Dialect: County of Aragón

Central Dialect: County of Sobrarbe

Eastern Dialect: County of Ribagorza

According to these authors, the Southern varieties would be in continuation to these, which would have been Castilianized and uniform in a process favored by their plainer spelling.

The author Fernando Sánchez proposed a classification that posits the existence of two great varieties/dialects: the Western and the Eastern. These would also have more extreme subvarieties:


 * Within the Western: The Ansotano (and in some ways, the Cheso and the Ayerbense), with extreme Western characteristics, related to the ancient Navarrese romance.
 * Within the Eastern: The Ribagorzano, with many transition solutions close to Catalan.

Eastern Aragonese

Some minority sectors, especially the sectors represented by the FACAO, defend the inclusion in the category of Eastern Aragonese to the variety of Catalan speaking in the Franja.

Classification

Western Block:


 * Ansotano
 * Cheso
 * Aragüesino
 * Aisino
 * Jaqués

Central Block:


 * Central Western Aragonese


 * Tensino


 * Panticuto


 * Biescas land Aragonese
 * Acumuer Valley Aragonese
 * Serrablés
 * Ballibasa Aragonese
 * Sobrepuerto Aragonese


 * Central Eastern Aragonese


 * Fiscal shore Aragonese
 * Bergotés
 * Vió Valley Aragonese
 * Puértolas Valley Aragonese
 * Tella Valley Aragonese
 * Belsetano
 * Sierra Ferrera Aragonese

Eastern Block:


 * Chistabino
 * Fovano
 * Ribagorzano Aragonese


 * Altorribagorzano or benasqués or patués
 * Mediorribagorzano or the countryside
 * Bajorribagorzano


 * Grausino
 * Estadillano
 * Foncense

Southern Block:


 * Ayerbense
 * Somontanés Aragonese


 * Navalés


 * Viejo Sobrarbe Aragonese

Transition Dialects

Castilian Aragonese

Valleys and Somontano

There are different degrees of erosion-purity, homogeneity-localism, evolution-archaism:

Axial Pyrenees Valleys:

Better conservation of the language, but with archaisms. The topography in the form of well-separated valleys has caused the Aragonese language to have evolved into a dialect or locally spoken language in each valley:


 * Ansó - Ansotano


 * Hecho Valley - Cheso
 * Aragüés and Jasa - Aragüesino
 * Aísa - Aisino
 * Tena Valley - Tensino
 * Broto Valley - Bergotés


 * Aragonese of Ballibió
 * Bielsa - Belsetano
 * Gistaín Valley - Chistabino
 * Benasque Valley - Benasqués

Pre-Pyranees:

Better conservation of the genuine characteristics than in the Somontano, but worse than in the valleys of Axial Pyrenees. There are transitions between the Somontes and the language of each valley.

Somontano

Somantanes is relatively the same in larger areas, but very castillanized, with the loss of many genuine characters. The generational differences are bigger than the geographic differences. The use of the locative pronominal-adverbial particle 0i (bi in axial valleys) has been lost.

Western and Eastern Poles

There is a distribution of differences between the East and the West, with boundaries that do not coincide, but some that appear mainly from Broto and Cotefablo to the Ribagorza and further, and others that are seen mainly from Tena and Cotefablo to Navarre. We can see this in pairs:

Fonetics:


 * -x- / -ix: for example baxo / baixo.

The boundary is in Cotefablo, but it isn’t as clear near the south, because of the loss of the phoneme, caused by the typical cheada of somontano.

Some sporadic phonetic nuances visible in certain words have a distribution according to these poles and that reflect differences within the Latin Peninsula.


 * conello / conillo.


 * sabuco and variants with suffix / samuco, samugo and variants with suffix.

Words that best preserve the original phonetic trait in the wester or eastern part:


 * sartana / sartén.

Sartana is supposed to be said before sartaina. Related to this, we have the first-person verbal form of the imperfect past indicative –ebai of the ansotano, which corresponds to –ebe of the chistabino.


 * tenebai / tenebe.

Morphology


 * con mi / con yo
 * Nos / mos
 * Bos / tos


 * Bi / i: bi is found in Ansó, Hecho, Tena, Serrablo, arriving as a minority to Bielsa and Viejo Sobrarbe. i, was the most widespread form when it rose in the rest of Aragón.
 * Allora u alora / alabez
 * Á ormino / asobén: Asobén was said in Medieval Aragonese of the Ebro depression and is documented in the Lower Aragon of the 20th century.
 * De raso / de to(t)
 * Pro / prou: The first form, of Ansó to Tena, also a little in Bielsa. The second form of Broto to Benasque. More by the South, until Somontano, Bajo Aragón and Sierra de Gúdar with their allophonic form prau.


 * Cosa / res: In the area to the East of Alto Aragón, res can be found, but behind ni: no he bisto ni res, no n’ha quedau ni res. In Panticosa, Viejo Sobrarbe y Ribagorza, especially in Benasque.
 * Puedes / puez
 * Chulio / chuliol

Lexica


 * Almadía / Navata.


 * Calderizo / Cremallos.
 * Clamar / Dicir (with the synonym denominar).
 * Clamar-se / Dicir-se.
 * Fablar, (Ansó, Hecho) / Parlar, (Gistau, Viejo Sobrarbe, ribagorzano, Monegros).
 * Lacuna-Laguna / Estanyo.


 * Melón / Taixo-Teixón-Texugo
 * Milloca / Panizo.
 * Odir (ansotano), Oyir / Sentir.
 * Paxaro / Muixón.
 * Pez / Pegunta


 * Toballa / Xugamanos
 * Xorrontar / Espantar

Words with the same root and different suffixes


 * enamplar / ixamplar.
 * Felz(e) / Felequera, Falaguera.


 * Fraxín(o) / Freixe(ra).

Other aspects:

In the deictic verbs of movement ir and venir, it can be seen that the uses of these verbs coincide with the Castilian uses in Western Aragonese (the speaker is the only deictic center of communication) and with the Catalan and Occitan uses in Eastern Aragonese (the interlocutor may also be the focal point of communication, so venir is used to refer to the site where it is located):


 * Iré ta Binéfar lugo, (cheso).


 * Vendré ta Binéfar luego, (ribagorzano).